patient subgroup...
corticosteroids: no corticosteroids: yes critical disease severe disease
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
Immunosuppressants drugs - versus potential COVID-19 treatments - for COVID 19 hospitalized
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 0.78 [0.66, 0.93]< 1 31% 28 studies (28/-) 99.7 % some concern low moderate crucial - death or transfer to ICU 0.66 [0.32, 1.37]< 1 76% 3 studies (1/2) 87.0 % low not evaluable high crucial - deaths 0.71 [0.65, 0.79]< 1 32% 59 studies (43/16) 100.0 % moderate critical moderate crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.76 [0.59, 0.98]< 1 62% 12 studies (8/4) 98.2 % moderate low moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 0.70 [0.51, 0.96]< 1 59% 11 studies (11/-) 98.7 % some concern low moderate important - clinical improvement 1.25 [1.13, 1.38]> 1 15% 14 studies (14/-) 100.0 % low critical high important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.37 [1.19, 1.57]> 1 0% 5 studies (5/-) 100.0 % low serious high important - clinical improvement (21-day) 1.50 [0.22, 10.08]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 66.1 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (28-day) 1.33 [0.95, 1.87]> 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 95.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (7-day) 2.38 [0.38, 14.70]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 82.3 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.15 [1.04, 1.27]> 1 0% 5 studies (5/-) 99.6 % low not evaluable high important - death or ventilation 0.83 [0.77, 0.91]< 1 18% 13 studies (13/-) 100.0 % some concern low moderate important - hospital discharge 1.95 [0.92, 4.16]> 1 95% 4 studies (3/1) 95.8 % moderate not evaluable moderate important - mechanical ventilation 0.81 [0.69, 0.95]< 1 5% 11 studies (11/-) 99.6 % some concern low moderate important - radiologic improvement (14-day) 5.54 [1.01, 30.50]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 97.5 % NA not evaluable important - ICU admission 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]< 1 78% 8 studies (4/4) 96.4 % moderate not evaluable moderate non important - recovery 1.30 [0.64, 2.66]> 1 9% 2 studies (2/-) 76.5 % low not evaluable high non important - safety endpoints 00 related AE (TRAE) 1.26 [0.14, 11.07]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 41.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - serious adverse events 0.93 [0.77, 1.12]< 1 0% 11 studies (11/-) 77.4 % some concern low moderate important - superinfection 1.26 [0.20, 7.90]< 1 95% 2 studies (1/1) 40.4 % moderate not evaluable moderate important - acute kidney injury 0.43 [0.14, 1.34]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 92.7 % NA not evaluable non important - adverse events 1.33 [0.94, 1.88]< 1 52% 10 studies (10/-) 5.2 % some concern low moderate non important - arrhythmia 0.16 [0.03, 0.90]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 98.1 % NA not evaluable non important - elevated liver enzymes 0.52 [0.18, 1.51]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 88.5 % NA not evaluable non important - Myocardial infarction 0.87 [0.19, 3.92]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 57.2 % NA not evaluable non important - venous thromboembolism 5.23 [0.42, 65.62]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 10.2 % NA not evaluable non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.