patient subgroup...
age >= 60 yr age >= 65 yr corticosteroids: no corticosteroids: yes invasive ventilation non invasive oxygen subjects at risk
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
antiviral and associated therapy - versus control - for COVID 19 outpatients
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 0.28 [0.07, 1.04]< 1 37% 5 studies (5/-) 97.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - deaths 0.81 [0.56, 1.16]< 1 0% 17 studies (16/1) 87.5 % low low high crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.80 [0.43, 1.50]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 75.7 % NA not evaluable crucial - hospitalization or death 0.54 [0.34, 0.86]< 1 74% 9 studies (9/-) 99.5 % low not evaluable high crucial - A EFFACER PCR-negative (end of follow-up) 0.91 [0.57, 1.46]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 34.7 % NA not evaluable important - clinical deterioration 0.84 [0.68, 1.03]< 1 34% 7 studies (7/-) 95.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement 1.08 [1.00, 1.16]> 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 98.1 % low not evaluable high important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.12 [0.85, 1.47]> 1 13% 2 studies (2/-) 78.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (21-day) 1.28 [0.79, 2.10]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 84.1 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (28-day) 2.67 [0.35, 20.47]> 1 87% 2 studies (2/-) 82.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.07 [1.00, 1.16]> 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 97.0 % low not evaluable high important - hospitalization 0.74 [0.64, 0.86]< 1 0% 17 studies (17/-) 100.0 % some concern low moderate important - mechanical ventilation 1.08 [0.50, 2.31]< 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 42.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - Recovery (time to event analysis only) 1.02 [0.92, 1.13]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 64.7 % NA not evaluable important - viral clearance 0.92 [0.73, 1.15]> 1 58% 9 studies (9/-) 22.6 % low not evaluable high important - viral clearance by day 14 0.88 [0.68, 1.13]> 1 46% 5 studies (4/1) 15.4 % low not evaluable high important - viral clearance by day 7 0.99 [0.76, 1.30]> 1 44% 8 studies (7/1) 48.0 % low not evaluable high important - emergency room observation for > 6 hours or hospitalization 0.64 [0.47, 0.87]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 99.8 % NA not evaluable non important - ICU admission 0.82 [0.45, 1.50]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 73.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - recovery 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 23.2 % NA not evaluable non important - safety endpoints 00 AE leading to drug discontinuation 0.79 [0.37, 1.69]< 1 60% 4 studies (4/-) 72.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - related AE (TRAE) 1.76 [1.10, 2.82]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 1.0 % NA not evaluable important - related SAE (TRSAE) 1.01 [0.25, 4.05]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 49.6 % NA not evaluable important - serious adverse events 0.53 [0.29, 0.98]< 1 27% 5 studies (5/-) 97.9 % low not evaluable high important - adverse events 2.31 [0.92, 5.82]< 1 96% 7 studies (7/-) 3.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.