patient subgroup...
age >= 55 yr age >= 65 yr critical disease omicron variant BA.1 (B.1.1.529) solid organ transplant recipients subjects at risk
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
Immunostimulants drugs - versus placebo - for COVID 19 hospitalized
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 0.80 [0.54, 1.16]< 1 57% 9 studies (9/-) 88.2 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - death or transfer to ICU 0.65 [0.35, 1.22]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 90.9 % NA not evaluable crucial - deaths 0.83 [0.64, 1.07]< 1 48% 22 studies (22/-) 92.9 % low low high crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.83 [0.64, 1.07]< 1 0% 6 studies (6/-) 92.4 % some concern serious moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 0.73 [0.54, 1.01]< 1 41% 4 studies (4/-) 97.3 % low not evaluable high important - clinical improvement 1.05 [0.96, 1.15]> 1 14% 9 studies (9/-) 84.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.01 [0.79, 1.29]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 53.2 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (28-day) 1.77 [0.94, 3.32]> 1 35% 3 studies (3/-) 96.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (7-day) 0.98 [0.76, 1.26]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 43.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.01 [0.92, 1.12]> 1 0% 5 studies (5/-) 61.0 % low not evaluable high important - death or ventilation 0.68 [0.50, 0.92]< 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 99.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospital discharge 1.11 [0.93, 1.34]> 1 38% 4 studies (4/-) 87.5 % low not evaluable high important - hospitalization 1.00 [0.14, 7.34]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 50.0 % NA not evaluable important - mechanical ventilation 1.03 [0.53, 2.00]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 46.4 % low not evaluable high important - Recovery (time to event analysis only) 1.02 [0.81, 1.28]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 56.7 % NA not evaluable important - viral clearance 0.81 [0.56, 1.18]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 13.7 % NA not evaluable important - viral clearance (time to event analysis only) 0.81 [0.56, 1.18]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 13.7 % NA not evaluable important - ICU admission 0.60 [0.33, 1.10]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 95.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - off oxygenation 0.26 [0.02, 2.88]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 13.8 % NA not evaluable non important - recovery 1.12 [0.97, 1.28]> 1 7% 4 studies (4/-) 94.3 % low not evaluable high non important - safety endpoints 00 composite safety outcome 1.56 [0.78, 3.11]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 10.3 % NA not evaluable important - serious adverse events 0.97 [0.71, 1.33]< 1 10% 4 studies (4/-) 57.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - adverse events 1.33 [0.63, 2.78]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 22.7 % NA not evaluable non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.