All patients
adolescents (typically 12-15 years of age) adults (typically between 18 and 65yr) age >= 55 yr age >= 60 yr age >= 65 yr age >= 75 yr alpha variant (B.1.1.7, UK) any cancer autoimmune disease beta variant (B.1.351 / 501Y.V2, South Africa) children delta variant (B.1.617.2, Indian) dialysis patients elderly (typically over 65yr) fully vaccinated gamma variant (P.1, Brazil) haematological cancers healthcare workers immunodepression kidney transplant recipients obese omicron variant BA.1 (B.1.1.529) omicron variant BA.2 VOC original (Wuhan) strain positive for SARS-Cov-2 at baseline solid cancer solid organ transplant recipients subjects at risk
vaccines in COVID-19 prophylaxis (excluding children) - Summary of results Outcome TE 95% CI n k I2 ROB Pub. bias 6 months symptomatic COVIDdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.09 [0.07; 0.11]
0.09 [0.07 ; 0.11 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 46,077 NA not evaluable confirmed Covid-19, from 1st dosedetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.18 [0.13; 0.25]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.05 [0.03; 0.09]
0.10 [0.03 ; 0.35 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 93% 70,779 moderate not evaluable deathsdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.50 [0.09; 2.73]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.20 [0.02; 1.72]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.50 [0.02; 14.84]
ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.19 [0.04; 0.81]
0.28 [0.11 ; 0.72 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020, ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 4 0% 126,878 moderate not evaluable vaccine efficacy from randomization (ITT)detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.18 [0.13; 0.25]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.07 [0.04; 0.11]
0.11 [0.04 ; 0.29 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 91% 71,720 moderate not evaluable confirmed COVID (any severity)detailed results Novavax PREVEND-19 phase 3 US (2019nCoV-301), 2021 0.10 [0.05; 0.17]
0.10 [0.05 ; 0.17 ] Novavax PREVEND-19 phase 3 US (2019nCoV-301), 2021 1 0% NA not evaluable hospitalizationdetailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.18 [0.03; 1.17]
0.18 [0.03 ; 1.17 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable symptomatic Covid-19detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.05 [0.02; 0.10]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.33 [0.26; 0.43]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.06 [0.03; 0.11]
ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.33 [0.27; 0.41]
Hager (phase 3), 2022 0.31 [0.21; 0.44]
Novavax phase 2 South Africa (2019nCoV-501), 2021 0.51 [0.27; 0.94]
0.20 [0.12 ; 0.34 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020, ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0, Hager (phase 3), 2022, Novavax phase 2 South Africa (2019nCoV-501), 2021 6 91% 123,649 moderate not evaluable 6 months severe COVID-19detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.03 [0.00; 0.46]
0.03 [0.00 ; 0.46 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% NA not evaluable asymptomatic COVID casedetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.33 [0.23; 0.48]
0.33 [0.23 ; 0.48 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 11,636 NA not evaluable infection (PCR positive symptomatic or not)detailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.44 [0.33; 0.59]
0.44 [0.33 ; 0.59 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 11,636 NA not evaluable severe COVID-19 occurrencedetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.25 [0.01; 5.62]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.49 [0.02; 14.54]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.02 [0.00; 0.27]
ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.23 [0.11; 0.48]
Hager (phase 3), 2022 0.17 [0.01; 3.33]
Novavax phase 2 South Africa (2019nCoV-501), 2021 0.49 [0.02; 14.58]
0.21 [0.11 ; 0.40 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020, ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0, Hager (phase 3), 2022, Novavax phase 2 South Africa (2019nCoV-501), 2021 6 0% 160,408 moderate not evaluable vaccine efficacy after dose 1 (and before dose 2)detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.48 [0.32; 0.71]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.24 [0.14; 0.41]
0.35 [0.18 ; 0.68 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 2 75% 61,849 moderate not evaluable related AE (TRAE)detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 4.91 [4.58; 5.26]
4.91 [4.58 ; 5.26 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 43,252 NA not evaluable related SAE (TRSAE)detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 8.00 [0.42; 151.43]
8.00 [0.42 ; 151.43 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 43,252 NA not evaluable serious adverse eventsdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1.14 [0.88; 1.47]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.86 [0.64; 1.17]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1.04 [0.78; 1.40]
1.02 [0.87 ; 1.20 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 3 0% 97,348 moderate not evaluable adverse eventsdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 2.62 [2.49; 2.76]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1.14 [1.08; 1.20]
1.73 [0.77 ; 3.91 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 100% 73,603 moderate not evaluable ATE (Myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke)detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.50 [0.12; 2.00]
0.50 [0.12 ; 2.00 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable deep vein thrombosisdetailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 3.00 [0.61; 14.86]
3.00 [0.61 ; 14.86 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable Guillain-Barré syndrome detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1.00 [0.06; 15.98]
1.00 [0.06 ; 15.98 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable ischemic strokedetailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 0.67 [0.11; 3.99]
0.67 [0.11 ; 3.99 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable life-threatening SAEdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 0.91 [0.51; 1.65]
0.91 [0.51 ; 1.65 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 43,252 NA not evaluable Myocardial infarction detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1.00 [0.02; 50.39]
1.00 [0.02 ; 50.39 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable pericarditis detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 2.00 [0.07; 59.60]
2.00 [0.07 ; 59.60 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable pulmonary embolismdetailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 4.00 [0.45; 35.79]
4.00 [0.45 ; 35.79 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable severe adverse eventsdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1.74 [1.41; 2.14]
1.74 [1.41 ; 2.14 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 43,252 NA not evaluable venous thromboembolism detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 2.75 [0.88; 8.64]
2.75 [0.88 ; 8.64 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)detailed results ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 2.00 [0.07; 59.60]
2.00 [0.07 ; 59.60 ] ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1 0% 43,783 NA not evaluable appendicitisdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 2.00 [0.60; 6.65]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 0.67 [0.11; 3.99]
ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1.20 [0.37; 3.93]
1.33 [0.62 ; 2.84 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020, ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 3 0% 117,582 moderate not evaluable arthralgia, grade 3-4detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 18.37 [13.54; 24.91]
18.37 [13.54 ; 24.91 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 30,351 NA not evaluable Bell's palsydetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 7.99 [0.42; 151.24]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.98 [0.20; 4.83]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 3.00 [0.31; 28.83]
ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 1.50 [0.25; 8.98]
1.76 [0.65 ; 4.75 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020, ENSEMBLE (COV3001), 0 4 0% 135,465 moderate not evaluable hypersensitivity, all termsdetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 2.17 [0.82; 5.71]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1.41 [1.15; 1.72]
1.43 [1.18 ; 1.74 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 0% 73,603 moderate not evaluable immediate allergic reactiondetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1.00 [0.02; 50.42]
ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1.95 [0.07; 58.15]
1.47 [0.11 ; 19.07 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 2 0% 67,193 moderate not evaluable lymphadenopathy, anydetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 10.69 [4.63; 24.69]
10.69 [4.63 ; 24.69 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 37,586 NA not evaluable lymphadenopathy, grade 3-4detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1.00 [0.06; 15.97]
1.00 [0.06 ; 15.97 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 30,351 NA not evaluable multiple sclerosisdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1.95 [0.07; 58.15]
1.95 [0.07 ; 58.15 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, anydetailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 3.65 [3.26; 4.09]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1.00 [0.06; 15.97]
3.64 [3.25 ; 4.08 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 0% 67,937 moderate not evaluable myalgia, grade 3-4detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 27.64 [20.93; 36.50]
27.64 [20.93 ; 36.50 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 30,351 NA not evaluable myelitisdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1.95 [0.18; 21.52]
1.95 [0.18 ; 21.52 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Potential Immune Gastrointestinal disordersdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.33 [0.03; 3.13]
0.33 [0.03 ; 3.13 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Potential Immune Musculoskeletal disordersdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.98 [0.06; 15.60]
0.98 [0.06 ; 15.60 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Potential Immune Neuroinflammatory disordersdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1.22 [0.33; 4.54]
1.22 [0.33 ; 4.54 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Potential Immune Skin disordersdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.73 [0.16; 3.27]
0.73 [0.16 ; 3.27 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Potential Immune Vasculitidesdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.49 [0.02; 14.54]
0.49 [0.02 ; 14.54 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable Thromboembolic eventsdetailed results ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 0.49 [0.15; 1.62]
0.49 [0.15 ; 1.62 ] ChAdOx1 phase 3 (AstraZeneca), 2020 1 0% 23,745 NA not evaluable fever, grade 3-4detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 43.29 [17.83; 105.10]
43.29 [17.83 ; 105.10 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 29,242 NA not evaluable local adverse reaction, any, dose 1detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 24.90 [22.13; 28.03]
24.90 [22.13 ; 28.03 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 8,183 NA not evaluable local adverse reaction, any, dose 2detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 23.04 [20.30; 26.15]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 33.74 [31.59; 36.03]
27.99 [19.26 ; 40.68 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 96% 36,742 moderate not evaluable local adverse reaction, grade 3-4, dose 2detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 15.04 [11.83; 19.12]
15.04 [11.83 ; 19.12 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 29,235 NA not evaluable systemic adverse reaction, any, dose 1detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1.63 [1.50; 1.78]
1.63 [1.50 ; 1.78 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 1 0% 8,183 NA not evaluable systemic adverse reaction, any, dose 2detailed results BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020 4.55 [4.13; 5.01]
COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 6.69 [6.35; 7.05]
5.53 [3.79 ; 8.06 ] BNT162b2 phase 3 (C4591001, Polack), 2020, COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 2 98% 36,749 moderate not evaluable systemic adverse reaction, grade 3-4, dose 2detailed results COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 9.50 [8.38; 10.77]
9.50 [8.38 ; 10.77 ] COVE Moderna/NIH phase 3 (study 301), 2020 1 0% 29,242 NA not evaluable 0.0 100.0 1.0 relative treatment effect www.metaEvidence.org 2025-10-31 00:53 +01:00
TE: relative treatment effect (measured by a risk ratio, an odds ratio or an hazard ratio depending on what is reported in the papers);
k: number of studies; n: total number of patients;
ROB: risk of bias (ROB 2.0); Pub. bias: publication bias; OBS: observational studies; RCT: randomized clinical trials
pathologies: 89
- treatments: 551,834,763,922,935,620,1317,1265,824,766,857,1291,1088,1331,1330,1329,1344,1328,1327,979,822,762,805,950,757,761,806,758,826,755,821,1288,1287,1286,760,1284,802,765,1285,759,823,804,1264,764,858,835,1262,1290,1316,1341,1342,1343,825,803
- roots T: 290
