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abnormal ECG findings adverse events AE leading to drug discontinuation arrhythmia cardiac arrest deep vein thrombosis elevated liver enzymes hyperbilirubinemia long QT pulmonary embolism related SAE (TRSAE) renal impairment serious adverse events serious adverse events (SAE), any severe adverse events ventricular arrhythmia clinical deterioration clinical improvement clinical improvement (14-day) clinical improvement (21-day) clinical improvement (28-day) clinical improvement (7-day) clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) death D28 death or transfer to ICU death or ventilation deaths deaths (time to event analysis only) hospital discharge hospitalization ICU admission mechanical ventilation mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only) radiologic improvement (14-day) radiologic improvement (7-day) recovery severe COVID-19 occurrence viral clearance viral clearance (time to event analysis only) viral clearance by day 14 viral clearance by day 7
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Patel ACTRN12620000454976 zinc placebo COVID 19 hospitalized high 15/18 inconclusive Tolouian bromhexine standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized high 59/52 no results Abdulamir NCT04753619 RCT niclosamide standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 75/75 inconclusive Ader (lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon) NCT04315948 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 145/148 safety concern statistically significant 30 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 86 % increase in serious adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 3.4-fold increase in arrhythmia with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 5.6-fold increase in elevated liver enzymes with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Ader (lopinavir/ritonavir) NCT04315948 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir COVID 19 hospitalized some concern -/- ongoing Alavi-moghaddam IRCT20200328046882N1 RCT sofosbuvir COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 27/30 ongoing DisCoVeRy (remdesivir) NCT04315948 RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 429/428 no results Elgohary NCT04530422 RCT sofosbuvir and ledipasvir COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 125/125 ongoing Gaitan-Duarte (Emtricitabine/Tenofovir) NCT04359095 RCT tenofovir/emtricitabine COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 163/162 ongoing Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir) NCT04359095 RCT Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 163/162 suggested inconclusive 38 % decrease in deaths,death D28 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 30 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Mahajan RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 41/41 inconclusive Mobarak (DISCOVER) IRCT20200624047908N1 RCT sofosbuvir and daclatasvir placebo COVID 19 hospitalized NA 541/542 inconclusive inconclusive 1 % increase in hospital discharge (PE) Mobarak S (DISCOVER) IRCT20200624047908N RCT sofosbuvir and daclatasvir placebo COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 541/542 inconclusive inconclusive 3 % decrease in recovery (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Sali RCT sofosbuvir lopinavir/ritonavir COVID 19 hospitalized high 22/32 inconclusive Ansarin IRCT202003117046797N RCT bromhexine standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized high 39/39 suggested inconclusive 91 % decrease in deaths (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias suggested 91 % decrease in mechanical ventilation (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias suggested 86 % decrease in ICU admission (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Duke university HCQ-AZI NCT04335552 RCT hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized NA -/- inconclusive Gonzalez (IVER) NCT04391127 RCT ivermectin placebo COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 36/37 inconclusive Lou Y ChiCTR2000029544 RCT baloxavir marboxil standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 10/10 inconclusive inconclusive 88 % decrease in viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias NIH NIAID ACTT-1 NCT04280705 RCT remdesivir placebo COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 541/521 suggested suggested 45 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 29 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 35 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Nojomi IRCT20180725040596N2 RCT umifenovir (arbidol) lopinavir/ritonavir COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 50/50 inconclusive Nojomi IRCT20180725040596N2 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir umifenovir (arbidol) COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 50/50 inconclusive RECOVERY NCT04381936 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 1616/3424 inconclusive inconclusive 3 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias the trial Steering Committee concluded that there is no beneficial effect of lopinavir-ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and closed randomisation to that treatment arm RECOVERY (AZI, Horby) NCT04381936 RCT azithromycin standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 2582/5181 inconclusive inconclusive 3 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only),death D28 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Sadeghi IRCT20200128046294N2 RCT sofosbuvir and daclatasvir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 35/35 suggested suggested 2.6-fold increase in clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Sekhavati IRCT20200415047092N1 RCT azithromycin standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 56/55 inconclusive inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias SOLIDARITY (lopi/rito) NCT04315948 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 1399/1372 inconclusive inconclusive 0 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias SOLIDARITY (remdesivir) NCT04315948 RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 2750/2725 inconclusive inconclusive 5 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Yakoot DRKS00022203 RCT sofosbuvir and daclatasvir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized some concern 44/45 suggested suggested 60 % increase in recovery (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Rodriguez-Molinero OBS azithromycin COVID 19 hospitalized NA -/- ongoing Our study did not find a benefit associated with the use of azithromycin in terms of respiratory function (SAFI) Rodriguez-Molinero OBS azithromycin control COVID 19 hospitalized NA -/- inconclusive Our study did not find a benefit associated with the use of azithromycin in terms of respiratory function (SAFI) Arshad (HCQ AZ) OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 hospitalized critical 783/409 suggested suggested 71 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias Chen_arbidol OBS umifenovir (arbidol) standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized critical 37/121 inconclusive Chen_lopi_rito OBS lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized critical 60/121 inconclusive Chen_oseltamivir OBS chloroquine and derivatives COVID 19 hospitalized critical 13/121 ongoing Davido NCT04453501 OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 hospitalized critical 52/40 suggested suggested 55 % decrease in death or transfer to ICU but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias Lagier OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 hospitalized critical 3119/618 suggested suggested 51 % decrease in deaths but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias suggested 70 % decrease in clinical deterioration but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias suggested 62 % decrease in hospitalization but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias Rosenberg OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 hospitalized serious -/- safety concern safety concern with statistically significant 1.1-fold increase in cardiac arrest statistically significant 1.2-fold increase in arrhythmia but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Rosenberg OBS azithromycin control COVID 19 hospitalized serious -/- inconclusive Sbidian (HCQ plus AZI) OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 hospitalized critical 227/3792 inconclusive Andreas (NOR-Solidarity) NCT04321616 RCT remdesivir COVID 19 all comers low 43/58 ongoing Norwegian NOR study (remdesivir) NCT04321616 RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID 19 all comers some concern 43/58 no results Chang Chen et al. ChiCTR2000030254 RCT favipiravir umifenovir (arbidol) COVID 19 all comers some concern 120/120 inconclusive inconclusive 48 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias ELACOI (Standard of care) NCT04252885 RCT umifenovir (arbidol) standard of care COVID 19 all comers some concern 16/7 inconclusive jRCTs041190120 jRCTs041190120 RCT favipiravir favipiravir COVID 19 all comers high 44/45 inconclusive inconclusive 42 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Jun C NCT04252274 RCT darunavir cobicistat standard of care COVID 19 all comers high 15/15 inconclusive inconclusive 42 % decrease in viral clearance by day 7 (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR) ChiCTR2000029544 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID 19 all comers some concern 10/10 inconclusive inconclusive 82 % decrease in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao) ChiCTR2000030894 RCT favipiravir tocilizumab COVID 19 all comers some concern -/- inconclusive inconclusive 68 % decrease in radiologic improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias EPIC-SR unpublished NCT05011513 RCT nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) placebo COVID 19 all comers NA -/- inconclusive Calik OBS favipiravir hydroxychloroquine COVID 19 all comers critical -/- no results Magagnoli (HC AZ) OBS hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides control COVID 19 all comers serious 113/158 inconclusive Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR ChiCTR2000029600 NRa favipiravir lopinavir/ritonavir COVID 19 all comers NA 35/45 uncontrolled [uncontrolled] Chest CT improvement (day 14): 91.4% (32/35) Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR ChiCTR2000029600 NRa favipiravir interferon COVID 19 all comers NA 35/45 uncontrolled [uncontrolled] Chest CT improvement (day 14): 91.4% (32/35) I-TECH (Lim) NCT04920942 RCT ivermectin control COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 241/249 inconclusive inconclusive 25 % increase in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Abd-Elsalam NCT04403555 RCT ivermectin control COVID-19 mild to moderate high 82/82 inconclusive Babalola RCT ivermectin lopinavir/ritonavir COVID-19 mild to moderate high 21/20 no results Bukhari NCT04392713 RCT ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate high 50/50 suggested suggested 10.6-fold increase in viral clearance by day 7 but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias FACCT Trial NCT04392973 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 125/129 inconclusive inconclusive 15 % decrease in clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Fontanesi NCT04348409 RCT nitazoxanide placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 25/25 no results Holubar M NCT04346628 RCT favipiravir placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 75/74 inconclusive inconclusive 24 % decrease in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) Kirti CTRI/2020/08/027225 RCT ivermectin placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 57/58 inconclusive inconclusive 20 % decrease in viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Rashad A (AZI vs SoC) RCT azithromycin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 107/99 inconclusive RIVET-COV (Mohan) (12mg and 24mg) CTRI/2020/06/026001 RCT ivermectin placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate high 104/52 inconclusive inconclusive 10 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Shenoy S NCT04529499 RCT favipiravir placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate high 175/178 inconclusive inconclusive 1 % decrease in clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Shinkai JapicCTI-205238 RCT favipiravir placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 107/49 safety concern inconclusive 40 % increase in clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 18.5-fold increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Silva NCT04463264 RCT nitazoxanide placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate high 33/13 inconclusive Solaymani-Dodaran IRCT20200318046812N1 RCT favipiravir lopinavir/ritonavir COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 193/187 inconclusive Ahmed RCT ivermectin placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate high 48/24 suggested suggested 3.1-fold increase in viral clearance (time to event analysis only),viral clearance by day 14 (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Paradoxically comparison of day 7 and 14 virological clearance between ivermectin doxycycline group vs placebo was not statistically significant (HR 2.3[0.6-9.0] and 1.7[0.8-4.0]) AVIFAVIR NCT04434248 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 20/20 suggested suggested 2.9-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Adverse drug reactions to AVIFAVIR were reported in 7/40 (17.5%) patients, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chest pain and an increase in liver transaminase levels. The adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate and caused early discontinuation of the study drug in 2/40 (5.0%) patients. Chaccour NCT04390022 RCT ivermectin placebo COVID 19 outpatients, COVID-19 mild to moderate low 12/12 inconclusive inconclusive 8 % decrease in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias Chachar NCT04739410 RCT ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate high 25/25 inconclusive inconclusive 19 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti) NCT04322123 RCT azithromycin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 172/159 inconclusive inconclusive 18 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Dabbous HM NCT04349241 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 50/50 inconclusive ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir) NCT04252885 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 21/7 inconclusive ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir) NCT04252885 RCT umifenovir (arbidol) lopinavir/ritonavir COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 35/34 inconclusive inconclusive 84 % increase in viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias inconclusive 8 % increase in viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman) NCT04292899 RCT remdesivir remdesivir COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 200/197 suggested suggested 53 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias GS-US-540-5774, 10 days NCT04292730 RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 197/200 safety concern suggested 58 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 88 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 63 % increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias The primary endpoint was not met, no odds ratio is reported because the proportional odds assumption was not met GS-US-540-5774, 5 days NCT04292730 RCT remdesivir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 199/200 conclusif demonstrated 65 % increase in clinical improvement (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Hung et al. NCT04276688 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b lopinavir/ritonavir COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 86/41 conclusif demonstrated 3.4-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 2.9-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Khamis RCT favipiravir plus interferon standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 44/45 inconclusive Krolewiecki NCT004381884 RCT ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 30/15 inconclusive Li T NCT04273763 RCT bromhexine standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 12/6 suggested inconclusive 52 % decrease in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 9.0-fold increase in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias NCT04542694 NCT04542694 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 100/100 suggested suggested 1.1-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 12.0-fold increase in viral clearance with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Ren ChiCTR2000029853 RCT azvudine antiviral and associated therapy COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 10/10 suggested suggested 27.5-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Rocco NCT04552483 RCT nitazoxanide placebo COVID-19 mild to moderate high 238/237 inconclusive inconclusive 19 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Ruzhentsova T NCT04501783 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 112/56 suggested suggested 63 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias inconclusive 28 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 28 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 50 % increase in clinical improvement (7-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Shahbaznejad IRCT20111224008507N3 RCT ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 35/38 inconclusive Udwadia CTRI/2020/05/025114 RCT favipiravir standard of care COVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderate some concern 75/75 safety concern inconclusive 37 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 75 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only),clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 94 % decrease in mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only),mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 5.4-fold increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Glorial F NCT04343092 OBS ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 6/71 inconclusive inconclusive 10 % decrease in clinical improvement (PE) Espitia-Hernandez NRa azithromycin standard of care COVID 19 outpatients, COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 28/7 uncontrolled [uncontrolled] negative PCR on day 10: 100.0% (28/28) Espitia-Hernandez NRa ivermectin standard of care COVID 19 outpatients, COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 28/7 uncontrolled [uncontrolled] negative PCR on day 10: 100.0% (28/28) Spoorthi NRa ivermectin placebo COVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 50/50 uncontrolled Spoorthi NRa doxycycline placebo COVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderate NA 50/50 uncontrolled COVID-19 severe or critically meta-analysis Galan RBR-8h7q82 RCT ivermectin chloroquine and derivatives COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 53/115 suggested inconclusive 6 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 86 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Galan RBR-8h7q82 RCT ivermectin hydroxychloroquine COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 53/115 suggested inconclusive 6 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 86 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Cao ChiCTR2000029308 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 99/100 suggested inconclusive 31 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 94 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias CAP-China (Wang et al.) NCT04257656 RCT remdesivir placebo COVID-19 severe or critically low 158/79 inconclusive inconclusive 23 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado) NCT04321278 RCT azithromycin standard of care COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 214/183 safety concern inconclusive 26 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 6 % decrease in clinical improvement (7-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Okumuş NCT04646109 RCT ivermectin control COVID-19 severe or critically high 30/30 inconclusive REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only) NCT02735707 RCT lopinavir/ritonavir standard of care COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 268/377 safety concern statistically significant 17 % decrease in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine) NCT02735707 RCT Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine standard of care COVID-19 severe or critically some concern 29/377 safety concern suggested 42 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 37 % decrease in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Kocayigit H OBS favipiravir lopinavir/ritonavir COVID-19 severe or critically NA 65/42 inconclusive Camprubi OBS ivermectin standard of care COVID-19 severe or critically NA 13/13 inconclusive Eslami IRCT20200324046850N2 NRa sofosbuvir and daclatasvir ribavirin COVID-19 severe or critically NA 35/27 uncontrolled [uncontrolled] deaths: 5.7% (2/35) [uncontrolled] recovery rate: 94.3% (33/35)
PE: primary endpoint; (a): to be demonstrated a result must be statistically significant on a primary endpoint (with multiplicity adjustment if necessary);
Study risk of bias assessed for the study primary endpoint(s) or the main endpoints in case of no formally defined primary endpoint(s).