Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE).
method
| Treament |
Trials |
|
|
| clinical deterioration | clinical improvement | deaths | viral clearance |
| ivermectin | 11 | 0.94 [0.77; 1.15], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.07 [0.98; 1.17], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.93 [0.54; 1.59], 4 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.92 [0.77; 1.09], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| chloroquine and derivatives | 8 | 0.51 [0.07; 3.68], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.36 [0.87; 2.11], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.32 [0.44; 3.93], 5 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.93 [0.62; 1.40], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| azithromycin | 4 | - | 1.08 [0.95; 1.23], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.65 [0.03; 83.12], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | OBS 715.00 [12.94; 39513.71], 1 study, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| fluvoxamine | 4 | 0.72 [0.45; 1.16], 3 RCTs, I2=61% demonstrated
inconclusive result | - | 0.80 [0.43; 1.50], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.67 [0.42; 1.06], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides | 2 | - | - | - | 0.91 [0.54; 1.51], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| molnupiravir | 2 | - | - | 0.10 [0.01; 0.92], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
high degree of certainty | 14.50 [1.70; 123.69], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 1 | - | - | 0.26 [0.01; 5.88], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.92 [0.82; 1.03], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 1 | - | - | 0.04 [0.00; 0.70], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | - | |
| nitazoxanide | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| remdesivir | 1 | - | - | 1.01 [0.02; 51.30], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| sofosbuvir and daclatasvir | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| zinc | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Amantadine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ASC09/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| azvudine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| baloxavir marboxil | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| bromhexine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| carrimycin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| danoprevir / ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| darunavir cobicistat | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| doxycycline | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| favipiravir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| favipiravir plus interferon | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| leronlimab | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| niclosamide | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| opaganib | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir plus chloroquin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir and ledipasvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranexamic acid | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranilast | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| triazavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| umifenovir (arbidol) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
