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Interferon beta (IFN-beta)
Overall results
Study description
Excluded studies
Table
Graphic
auto
during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2nd and/or 3rd trimester
throughout pregnancy
early pregnancy
days before delivery
late pregnancy
preconception-only
periconceptional
preconceptional for kinetic reason
at least 1st trimester
3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy
1st and 2nd trimester
3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester
Whatever the period exposition
individual studies
Outcome
TE
95% CI
n cases
n exposed
k
Pub. bias
Congenital malformations
All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009 Colvin - IFN beta1b, 2010 Finkelsztejn (control unexposed, sick), 2011 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016 Portaccio, 2018
6
0.97
[
0.52
; 1.81]
5,034
456
serious
Major congenital malformations
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009 Colvin - IFN beta1b, 2010 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016 Portaccio, 2018
5
0.90
[
0.44
; 1.87]
5,022
387
not evaluable
Congenital cataract
0
-
-
-
-
-
Minor congenital malformations
Portaccio, 2018
1
0.95
[
0.10
; 8.60]
5
76
not evaluable
Growth parameters and prematurity
Preterm (< 37 weeks)
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009 Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013 Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016 Nguyen (control unexposed, sick), 2019
7
1.12
[
0.63
; 1.99]
384
703
not evaluable
Low birth weight (< 2500g)
Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
5.76
[
1.52
; 21.84]
11
17
not evaluable
Small for gestational age (weight)
Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016
1
0.81
[
0.27
; 2.42]
-
226
not evaluable
Maternal consequences
Caesarean
Lu (control unexposed, sick), 2012
1
0.65
[
0.13
; 3.29]
68
8
not evaluable
Preeclampsia
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013 Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
2
2.04
[
0.54
; 7.69]
11
56
not evaluable
Assisted deliveries (forceps, vacuum, ...)
Lu (control unexposed, sick), 2012
1
2.45
[
0.63
; 9.53]
36
12
not evaluable
Gestational diabetes
Fragoso a (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013 Fragoso b (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013
2
0.51
[
0.05
; 5.02]
2
56
not evaluable
Maternal consequences (as a whole)
Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
0.55
[
0.15
; 2.07]
28
17
not evaluable
Maternal infections
Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
2.72
[
0.23
; 31.79]
3
17
not evaluable
Placenta previa
Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
1.77
[
0.07
; 45.30]
1
17
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders
Jaundice
Finkelsztejn (control unexposed, sick), 2011 Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013 Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
3
1.46
[
0.53
; 4.01]
19
125
not evaluable
Neonatal death (< 28 days of life)
Fragoso b (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016
2
1.37
[
0.14
; 13.46]
2
268
not evaluable
Neonatal disorders (as a whole)
Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
5.53
[
1.72
; 17.79]
17
17
not evaluable
Neonatal medical care
Fragoso a (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013
1
3.08
[
0.12
; 78.03]
1
39
not evaluable
Long term consequences
Child/Infant infections (> 1 year)
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
3.27
[
0.94
; 11.45]
11
39
not evaluable
Child/Infant weight abnormalities (> 1 year)
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
2.47
[
0.15
; 40.57]
2
39
not evaluable
Intrauterine deaths
Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Weber-Schoendorfer (control unexposed, sick), 2009 Fragoso b (control unexposed, sick), 2013 Nguyen (control unexposed, sick), 2019
4
1.16
[
0.61
; 2.22]
95
401
not evaluable
Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016
3
1.40
[
0.82
; 2.38]
77
361
not evaluable
Elective/induced termination of pregnancy
Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016 Nguyen (control unexposed, sick), 2019
3
2.57
[
0.28
; 23.52]
51
641
not evaluable
Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)
Boskovic (control unexposed, sick), 2005 Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012 Thiel (control unexposed, sick), 2016
3
1.96
[
0.36
; 10.54]
5
361
not evaluable
Ectopic pregnancy
Giannini (control unexposed, sick), 2012
1
0.72
[
0.03
; 15.16]
2
88
not evaluable
Neuro-developmental disorders
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
7.56
[
0.30
; 189.77]
1
39
not evaluable
ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis/Risk
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
7.56
[
0.30
; 189.77]
1
39
not evaluable
Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
1.22
[
0.11
; 13.90]
3
39
not evaluable
Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
7.56
[
0.30
; 189.77]
1
39
not evaluable
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
0.48
[
0.02
; 10.24]
2
39
not evaluable
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
0.48
[
0.02
; 10.24]
2
39
not evaluable
Language disorders/delay
Fragoso a (control exposed to Glatiramer), 2013
1
0.32
[
0.01
; 8.22]
1
39
not evaluable
Learning disorders
Fragoso a (control unexposed, sick), 2013
1
0.81
[
0.03
; 20.31]
1
39
not evaluable
0.0
100.0
1.0
