Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15464
R63599		 Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Hypospadias 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 0.90 [0.10;3.30] 2/980   3,371/1,875,733 3,373 980
ref
S15593
R64214		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.40 [0.20;0.80] 12/-   2,528/- 2,540 -
ref
S15535
R63829		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 0.90 [0.60;1.40] -/-   3,042/- - -
ref
Total 3 studies 0.67 [0.36;1.23] 5,913 980
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019Blotière - Clonazepam, 2019 1 0.90[0.10; 3.30]3,37398010%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 0.40[0.20; 0.80]2,540-37%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 0.90[0.60; 1.40]--53%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 49% 0.67[0.36; 1.23]5,9139800.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.90[0.16; 5.17]3,373980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1 case control studiescase control studies 0.63[0.29; 1.39]2,540-74%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.67[0.36; 1.23]5,91398049%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.90[0.16; 5.17]3,373980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.63[0.29; 1.39]2,540-74%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 0.90[0.16; 5.17]3,373980 -NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.63[0.29; 1.39]2,540-74%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 0.90[0.59; 1.37]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 0.67[0.36; 1.23]5,91398049%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.67[0.36; 1.23]8,94698349%NABlotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 30.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki a (NMA) (Clobazam) (All indications) ...Veroniki a (NMA) (Clobazam) (All indications) (Hypospadias) Out of scale10.94[0.46; 101.30]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT-9 Veroniki a (NMA) (Clonazepam) (All indication ...Veroniki a (NMA) (Clonazepam) (All indications) (Hypospadias) 6.17[1.17; 24.80]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 0.67[0.36; 1.23]49%980----Blotière - Clonazepam (Other indications), 2019 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 30.510.01.0