Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Hydrocephaly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15593
R64206		 Tinker - BZDs, 2019 Hydrocephaly 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.80 [0.30;2.60] 3/84   510/11,962 513 84
ref
S15535
R63826		 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 Hydrocephaly 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 1.40 [0.50;3.80] -/-   320/- - -
ref
Total 2 studies 1.08 [0.51;2.26] 513 84
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Tinker - BZDs, 2019Tinker - BZDs, 2019 0.80[0.30; 2.60]5138447%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1.40[0.50; 3.80]--53%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.08[0.51; 2.26]513840.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.08[0.51; 2.26]513840%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.08[0.51; 2.26]513840%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.80[0.27; 2.36]51384 -NATinker - BZDs, 2019 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.40[0.51; 3.86]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 BZD Coexposure   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.08[0.51; 2.26]513840%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 2 MatchedMatched 1.40[0.51; 3.86]-- -NACzeizel - Diazepam, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 1.08[0.51; 2.26]513840%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.08[0.51; 2.26]824840%NATinker - BZDs, 2019 Czeizel - Diazepam, 2003 20.510.01.0