Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Perinatal death

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15488
R63669		 Kelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Perinatal mortality during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 2.01 [0.04;102.91] C 0/48   0/96 0 48
ref
S18301
R77072		 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2012 Perinatal death (stillbirth or neonatal death within the first 28 days postpartum) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 2.00 [1.00;3.80]
excluded (control group) 		25/3,392   -/- - 3,392
ref
S18302
R77075		 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Perinatal death (stillbirth or neonatal death within the first 28 days postpartum) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.40 [0.60;3.40] 25/3,392   -/- - 3,392
ref
S15531
R63798		 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 Perinatal death (death between > 28 completed SG and 7 days of birth) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 4.00 [2.00;7.90] 9/12   64/134 73 12
ref
Total 3 studies 2.47 [1.07;5.68] 73 3,452
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023Kelty - Alprazolam, 2023 1 2.01[0.04; 102.91]0484%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Ban, 2012 2 1.40[0.60; 3.40]-3,39243%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 4.00[2.00; 7.90]731252%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 43% 2.47[1.07; 5.68]733,4520.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, disease free; 2: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.42[0.61; 3.32]-3,4400%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 2 case control studiescase control studies 4.00[2.01; 7.95]7312 -NALaegreid c - BZDs, 1992 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.92[1.99; 7.71]73600%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.40[0.59; 3.33]-3,392 -NABan (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.92[1.99; 7.71]73600%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.40[0.59; 3.33]-3,392 -NABan (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.40[0.59; 3.33]-3,392 -NABan (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 3.92[1.99; 7.71]73600%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 2 All studiesAll studies 2.47[1.07; 5.68]733,45243%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 30.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 18301

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.79[1.72; 4.52]893,4522%NAKelty - Alprazolam (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2012 Laegreid c - BZDs, 1992 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.40[0.59; 3.33]163,392 -NABan (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 10.510.01.0