Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Low Apgar score (< 7) (NOS)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17712
R74715		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control exposed to Atypical antipsy), 2011 Low Apgar score (< 7) at 1 or 5 min during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.89 [0.03;112.07] C
excluded (control group) 		0/5   0/9 0 5
ref
S17710
R74703		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 Low Apgar score (< 7) at 1 or 5 min during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 20.48 [0.73;574.19] C
excluded (control group) 		0/5   1/278 1 5
ref
S17711
R74709		 Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Low Apgar score (< 7) at 1 or 5 min during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 0.56 [0.01;37.57] C 0/5   0/3 0 5
ref
S15310
R62967		 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 Resuscitation (Apgar < 7) throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.80 [0.23;14.11] C 2/17   2/29 4 17
ref
Total 2 studies 1.44 [0.23;9.13] 4 22
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Hironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011Hironaka - BZDs, 2011 1 0.56[0.01; 37.57]0519%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 1.80[0.23; 14.11]41781%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.44[0.23; 9.13]4220.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Control unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.44[0.23; 9.13]4220%NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.80[0.23; 14.11]417 -NALaegreid a - BZDs, 1992 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.56[0.01; 37.57]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.44[0.23; 9.13]4220%NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.80[0.23; 14.11]417 -NALaegreid a - BZDs, 1992 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 0.56[0.01; 37.57]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.44[0.23; 9.13]4220%NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 2 All studiesAll studies 1.44[0.23; 9.13]4220%NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17712, 17710

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.20[0.43; 40.74]52232%NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 Laegreid a - BZDs, 1992 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.56[0.01; 37.57]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.89[0.03; 112.07]-5 -NAHironaka - BZDs (Control exposed to Atypical antipsy), 2011 10.510.01.0