Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Abdominal wall defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15381
R63380
Noh - BZDs, 2022 Abdominal wall defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.08 [0.72;1.63] 27/40,846   1,284/3,053,381 1,311 40,846
ref
S15330
R63138
Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Abdominal wall malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.84 [0.11;29.68] C
excluded (control group)
0/1,159   82/351,785 82 1,159
ref
S15327
R63108
Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Abdominal wall malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.84 [0.10;34.20] C 0/1,159   4/19,193 4 1,159
ref
Total 2 studies 1.09 [0.73;1.64] 1,315 42,005
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Noh - BZDs, 2022Noh - BZDs, 2022 1.08[0.72; 1.63]1,31140,84698%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014Ban - Diazepam, 2014 1 1.84[0.10; 34.20]41,1592%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.09[0.73; 1.64]1,31542,0050.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.09[0.73; 1.64]1,31542,0050%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.09[0.73; 1.64]1,31542,0050%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.84[0.10; 34.20]41,159 -NABan - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.08[0.72; 1.62]1,31140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 1 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.84[0.10; 34.20]41,159 -NABan - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.08[0.72; 1.62]1,31140,846 -NANoh - BZDs, 2022 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.84[0.10; 34.20]41,159 -NABan - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 All studiesAll studies 1.09[0.73; 1.64]1,31542,0050%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15330

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.84[0.11; 29.68]821,159 -NABan - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.09[0.73; 1.64]1,31542,0050%NANoh - BZDs, 2022 Ban - Diazepam (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.510.01.0