Benzodiazepines (Psy and mixed indications) updated on 02-10-2025

Extremely preterm (< 28 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17870
R75497		 Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023 Extremely preterm (<28 GW) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.72 [0.76;3.91] C
excluded (control group) 		6/2,517   114/82,163 120 2,517
ref
S15610
R75489		 Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Extremely preterm (<28 GW) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 6.11 [0.34;108.51] C 6/2,517   0/1,180 6 2,517
ref
S15584
R64101		 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 Gestational age at birth (22-26 WA) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: No (among antiseizure medications) 0.67 [0.09;4.78] C 1/1,246   2,041/1,710,441 2,042 1,246
ref
Total 2 studies 1.56 [0.19;12.75] 2,048 3,763
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Delteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Delteil - BZDs, 2023 1 6.11[0.34; 108.51]62,51738%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020Coste - Clonazepam, 2020 2 0.67[0.09; 4.78]2,0421,24662%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 35% 1.56[0.19; 12.75]2,0483,7630.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.56[0.19; 12.75]2,0483,76335%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.67[0.09; 4.78]2,0421,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 6.11[0.34; 108.51]62,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.56[0.19; 12.75]2,0483,76335%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among antiseizure medications)  - No (among antiseizure medications) 0.67[0.09; 4.78]2,0421,246 -NACoste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 6.11[0.34; 108.51]62,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 1.56[0.19; 12.75]2,0483,76335%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 20.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17870

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.49[0.70; 3.19]2,1623,7630%NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2023 Coste - Clonazepam (Mixed indications), 2020 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 6.11[0.34; 108.51]62,517 -NADelteil - BZDs (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 10.510.01.0