Tricyclic antidepressants updated on 07-01-2025

Preeclampsia

id	Study   Auto Tran (Controls exposed to SSRI), 2022Tran (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2022Yang, 2021Bernard, 2019Zakiyah, 2018Lupattelli (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2017Lupattelli (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017Avalos (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2015Avalos (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015Avalos (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015Palmsten a (control exposed to SSRIs), 2013Palmsten a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013De Vera, 2012Palmsten (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2012Palmsten (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S12523 R47171	Tran (Controls exposed to SSRI), 2022	Preeclampsia/eclampsia (gestational hypertension and a co-presence of non-infectious proteinuria)	at least 1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only	2.42 [1.32;4.42] C excluded (control group)	15/214   45/1,488	60	214		ref
S12522 R47165	Tran (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2022	Preeclampsia/eclampsia (gestational hypertension and a co-presence of non-infectious proteinuria)	at least 1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only	2.46 [1.51;4.02]	15/214   2,582/95,376	2,597	214		ref
S12533 R47214	Yang, 2021	Preeclampsia (ICD-9 or ICD-10) from the 20th week of gestation.	1st and 2nd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy)	0.43 [0.06;3.05]	-/105   -/2,832	-	105		ref
S12529 R47204	Bernard, 2019	Preeclampsia (Gestational hypertension with proteinuria) or pre-existing hypertension and new or worsening proteinuria	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified	7.36 [0.22;251.11]	-/5   -/6,502	-	5		ref
S11211 R41264	Zakiyah, 2018	Gestational hypertension (dispensed antihypertensive drugs between 20 completed weeks of gestation and 14 days after delivery)	1st and 2nd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only	1.60 [0.50;5.09]	-/89   571/27,481	-	89		ref
S10960 R40816	Lupattelli (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2017	Late‐onset preeclampsia (any severity, mild, and severe) (developing after GW 34)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only	2.75 [0.61;12.51] C excluded (control group)	2/21   24/652	26	21		ref
S11000 R40899	Lupattelli (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017	Late‐onset preeclampsia (any severity, mild, and severe) (developing after GW 34)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: recent illness/treatment (during or juste before pregnancy or treatment stopped in view of pregnancy)	2.81 [0.65;12.15] C	2/21   184/5,093	186	21		ref
S10958 R40814	Avalos (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2015	Preeclampsia (ICD-9 codes occurring after 20 gestational weeks: 642.4, 642.5, 642.6, or 642.7)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only	0.24 [0.06;0.98] C excluded (control group)	2/116   87/1,262	89	116		ref
S10959 R40815	Avalos (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2015	Preeclampsia (ICD-9 codes occurring after 20 gestational weeks: 642.4, 642.5, 642.6, or 642.7)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only	0.35 [0.09;1.47] excluded (control group)	2/116   719/16,402	721	116		ref
S11054 R41003	Avalos (Controls unexposed, sick), 2015	Preeclampsia (ICD-9 codes occurring after 20 gestational weeks: 642.4, 642.5, 642.6, or 642.7)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: recent illness/treatment (during or juste before pregnancy or treatment stopped in view of pregnancy)	0.40 [0.10;1.68] C	2/116   56/1,345	58	116		ref
S10963 R40835	Palmsten a (control exposed to SSRIs), 2013	Preeclampsia and/or eclampsia (ICD-9 codes 642.4x–642.7x, after 140 gestational days and within 30 days after the delivery)	2nd and/or 3rd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only	1.64 [1.25;2.16] excluded (control group)	47/441   1,033/19,000	1,080	441		ref
S10966 R40838	Palmsten a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013	Preeclampsia and/or eclampsia (ICD-9 codes 642.4x–642.7x, after 140 gestational days and within 30 days after the delivery)	2nd and/or 3rd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: recent illness/treatment (during or juste before pregnancy or treatment stopped in view of pregnancy)	1.62 [1.23;2.12]	47/441   3,215/59,219	3,262	441		ref
S11278 R41428	De Vera, 2012	Pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia after the 20th week of gestation)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	nested case control	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Matched Monotherapy: TCA only	1.10 [0.38;3.22]	4/-   1,212/-	1,216	-		ref
S10964 R40836	Palmsten (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2012	Preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinuria occurring after the 20th week of gestation)	2nd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only	2.58 [1.40;4.73] excluded (control group)	14/146   105/3,169	119	146		ref
S10965 R40837	Palmsten (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012	Preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinuria occurring after the 20th week of gestation)	2nd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy)	3.23 [1.87;5.59]	14/146   1,569/65,392	1,583	146		ref
					Total	9 studies	1.80 [1.24;2.63]		8,902	1,137
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10964, 10963, 10958, 10959, 10960, 12523