| id | Study | Lib. in paper | Exposition period | Study type |
Control type |
Tags | OR 95%CI | x1/n1 x0/n0 | no cases | no exposed | ROB | Ref. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| S18373 R77507 |
Heuvelman, 2023 | Autism spectrum disorder - Validated Read code list among primary care clinical and referral records - Mean age at end of follow-up 10.04 years, range 4–22 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Partial overlapping Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) | 1.58 [1.12;2.24] | -/2,148 -/16,330 | - | 2,148 |
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| S18247 R76893 |
Suarez (Controls unexposed, discontinuers), 2022 | Autism Spectrum Disorder - ≥ 2 dates with ICD-9 Dx 299.xx (except 299.1x) - At ≥ 1 year of age | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: recent illness/treatment (during or juste before pregnancy or treatment stopped in view of pregnancy) | 1.14 [0.65;1.98] | 30/4,307 34/5,710 | 64 | 4,307 |
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| S18248 R76894 |
Suarez (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2022 | Autism Spectrum Disorder - ≥ 2 dates with ICD-9 Dx 299.xx (except 299.1x) - At ≥ 1 year of age | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified |
0.84 [0.58;1.23] excluded (control group) |
30/4,357 11,394/2,965,988 | 11,424 | 4,357 |
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| S10949 R46868 |
Hagberg (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2018 | Autism spectrum disorder (diagnostic code including codes for autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)) - Median diagnosis 5.8 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only Partial overlapping |
1.20 [0.96;1.52] C excluded (control group) |
98/4,856 292/17,362 | 390 | 4,856 |
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| S10950 R46869 |
Hagberg (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2018 | Autism spectrum disorder (diagnostic code including codes for autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)) - Median diagnosis 5.8 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: Yes Matched Monotherapy: TCA only Partial overlapping |
1.95 [1.58;2.40] excluded (control group) |
98/4,856 1,500/154,107 | 1,598 | 4,856 |
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| S10951 R46870 |
Hagberg (Controls unexposed, sick), 2018 | Autism spectrum disorder (diagnostic code including codes for autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)) - Median diagnosis 5.8 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only Partial overlapping Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) | 1.34 [1.05;1.72] C | 98/4,856 196/12,994 | 294 | 4,856 |
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| S11335 R46871 |
Rai - Clomipramine only (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2017 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only |
1.81 [1.05;3.12] C excluded (control group) |
16/235 105/2,710 | 121 | 235 |
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| S11126 R46872 |
Rai - Clomipramine only (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, disease free excluded | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only |
3.50 [2.10;5.82] C excluded (control group) |
16/235 4,889/238,943 | 4,905 | 235 |
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| S11127 R46873 |
Rai - Clomipramine only (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 (299), ICD-10 (F84), or DSM-IV (299) codes) - At 4-17 years | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | prospective cohort | unexposed, sick | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only Unexposed sick: old history of illness/treatment (> 12 months before pregnancy) or not specified | 1.76 [1.01;3.05] | 16/235 353/12,325 | 369 | 235 |
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| S10945 R46865 |
Boukhris (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2016 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 codes 299.0, 299.8, 299.9; ICD-10 codes F84.0, F84.1, F84.5, F84.8, F84.9) - End follow-up: mean 6.2 years (median 7.0 years) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | retrospective cohort (claims database) | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only |
0.63 [0.15;2.68] C excluded (control group) |
2/229 22/1,583 | 24 | 229 |
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| S10947 R46866 |
Boukhris (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2016 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-9 codes 299.0, 299.8, 299.9; ICD-10 codes F84.0, F84.1, F84.5, F84.8, F84.9) - End follow-up: mean 6.2 years (median 7.0 years) | 2nd and/or 3rd trimester | retrospective cohort (claims database) | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only | 1.03 [0.23;4.61] | 2/229 1,023/142,924 | 1,025 | 229 |
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| S10956 R46874 |
Sørensen (Controls exposed to SSRIs), 2013 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-10, codes F84.0, F84.1, F84.5, F84.8, and F84.9) - At 4-14 years (mean 8.8 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | exposed to other treatment, sick excluded | Adjustment: No Monotherapy: TCA only |
1.16 [0.58;2.31] C excluded (control group) |
9/642 91/7,506 | 100 | 642 |
|
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| S10957 R46875 |
Sørensen (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2013 | Autism spectrum disorder (ICD-10, codes F84.0, F84.1, F84.5, F84.8, and F84.9) - At 4-14 years (mean 8.8 years) | during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) | population based cohort retrospective | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: TCA only | 1.50 [0.80;2.90] | 9/642 5,333/646,782 | 5,342 | 642 |
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| S11245 R46867 |
Croen, 2011 | Autism spectrum disorder (autism (ICD-9-CM code 299.0), Asperger syndrome (ICD-9-CM code 299.8), or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (ICD-9-CM code 299.8)) - Age: median 3-4 years | 3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy excluded | case control | unexposed (general population or NOS) | Adjustment: No Matched Monotherapy: TCA only |
1.50 [0.55;4.09] C excluded (exposition period) |
5/22 293/1,783 | 298 | 22 |
|
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| Total | 6 studies | 1.42 [1.20;1.68] | 7,094 | 12,417 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1: Controls unexposed, discontinuers; 2: Controls unexposed, sick; 3: Controls unexposed, sick; 4: Controls unexposed, NOS; 5: Controls unexposed, NOS;
Asymetry test p-value = 0.9311 (by Egger's regression)
slope=0.3606 (0.1332); intercept=-0.0575 (0.6249); t=0.0920; p=0.9311
excluded 10956, 10945, 11335, 11126, 10949, 10950, 18248