Diazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Limb reduction defects (LRD)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15661
R64652		 Czeizel, 2003 Limb deficiencies 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Matched 3.90 [1.40;10.60] -/-   554/- - -
ref
S15665
R64690		 Safra, 1975 Limb reductions 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 1.32 [0.36;4.85] C 3/16   39/262 42 16
ref
Total 2 studies 2.46 [0.86;7.03] 42 16
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Czeizel, 2003Czeizel, 2003 3.90[1.40; 10.60]--57%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Safra, 1975Safra, 1975 1.32[0.36; 4.85]421643%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 40% 2.46[0.86; 7.03]42160.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.46[0.86; 7.03]421640%NACzeizel, 2003 Safra, 1975 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.46[0.86; 7.03]421640%NACzeizel, 2003 Safra, 1975 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.32[0.36; 4.85]4216 -NASafra, 1975 1   - Yes  - Yes 3.90[1.42; 10.73]-- -NACzeizel, 2003 1 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.32[0.36; 4.85]4216 -NASafra, 1975 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 3.90[1.42; 10.73]-- -NACzeizel, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 3.90[1.42; 10.73]-- -NACzeizel, 2003 1 All studiesAll studies 2.46[0.86; 7.03]421640%NACzeizel, 2003 Safra, 1975 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.46[0.86; 7.03]5871640%NACzeizel, 2003 Safra, 1975 20.510.01.0