Diazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15613
R64442		 Meng, 2024 Miscarriage (between 8th-19th weeks of gestation; ICD-9 codes 631, 632, 634, 637, 640; ICD-10 codes O02, O03, O20) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) other unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 1.69 [1.31;2.19] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S18590
R78990		 Kitchin, 2022 Miscarriage (ICD-9634–639 Pregnancy losses between 4-22 weeks) 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 1.34 [0.89;2.01] 35/105   18,035/72,174 18,070 105
ref
S15417
R63488		 Sheehy, 2019 Spontaneous abortion (6th to 19th completed week of gestation) - ICD-9 diagnosis code 634 or ICD-10 diagnosis code O03 early pregnancy nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 3.43 [1.42;8.32] 12/27   27,137/161,427 27,149 27
ref
Total 3 studies 1.70 [1.21;2.39] 45,219 132
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Meng, 2024Meng, 2024 1.69[1.31; 2.19]--52%ROB confusion: lowROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kitchin, 2022Kitchin, 2022 1.34[0.89; 2.01]18,07010536%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Sheehy, 2019Sheehy, 2019 3.43[1.42; 8.32]27,1492712%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Total (3 studies) I2 = 45% 1.70[1.21; 2.39]45,2191320.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.69[1.31; 2.19]-- -NAMeng, 2024 1 case control studiescase control studies 1.97[0.80; 4.87]45,21913272%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.97[0.80; 4.87]45,21913272%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.69[1.31; 2.19]-- -NAMeng, 2024 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.70[1.21; 2.39]45,21913245%NAMeng, 2024 Kitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 3 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 1.70[1.21; 2.39]45,21913245%NAMeng, 2024 Kitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 3 MatchedMatched 1.70[1.21; 2.39]45,21913245%NAMeng, 2024 Kitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 3 All studiesAll studies 1.70[1.21; 2.39]45,21913245%NAMeng, 2024 Kitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 30.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.97[0.80; 4.87]45,21913272%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.69[1.31; 2.19]-- -NAMeng, 2024 10.510.01.0