Alprazolam updated on 02-10-2025

Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17849
R75326		 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023 Stillbirth (fetal death at or after 20 weeks’ gestation) early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.98 [0.70;1.39]
excluded (control group) 		-/-   -/- - -
ref
S15628
R64507		 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Stillbirth (fetal death at or after 20 weeks’ gestation) early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.98 [0.83;1.15] 163/14,299   32,368/2,771,325 32,531 14,299
ref
S15643
R64559		 Lee, 2022 Stillbirth 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 3.30 [0.30;36.75] C 1/96   2/629 3 96
ref
Total 2 studies 0.99 [0.84;1.16] 32,534 14,395
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Meng a, 2023 1 0.98[0.83; 1.15]32,53114,299100%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Lee, 2022Lee, 2022 3.30[0.30; 36.75]3960%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.99[0.84; 1.16]32,53414,3950.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.99[0.84; 1.16]32,53414,3950%NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Lee, 2022 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.30[0.30; 36.75]396 -NALee, 2022 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.98[0.83; 1.15]32,53114,299 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.30[0.30; 36.75]396 -NALee, 2022 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.98[0.83; 1.15]32,53114,299 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 3.30[0.30; 36.75]396 -NALee, 2022 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 0.98[0.83; 1.15]32,53114,299 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 0.99[0.84; 1.16]32,53414,3950%NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Lee, 2022 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17849

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.30[0.30; 36.75]396 -NALee, 2022 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.98[0.83; 1.15]32,53114,299 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 siblingssiblings 0.98[0.70; 1.38]-- -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023 10.510.01.0