Alprazolam updated on 02-10-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15641
R64550		 Kelty (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 Low birth weight for gestational age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 3.27 [1.22;8.79] C
excluded (control group) 		11/48   8/96 19 48
ref
S15642
R64555		 Kelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Low birth weight for gestational age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No BZD Coexposure: Not specified 4.46 [1.54;12.95] C 11/48   6/96 17 48
ref
S17849
R75328		 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023 Small for gestational age (birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age by sex) early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.14 [0.99;1.31]
excluded (control group) 		-/-   -/- - -
ref
S15628
R64509		 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Small for gestational age (birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age by sex) early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.18 [1.11;1.25] 1,643/14,139   275,823/2,747,241 277,466 14,139
ref
Total 2 studies 2.05 [0.57;7.42] 277,483 14,187
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Kelty, 2023 1 4.46[1.54; 12.95]174842%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Meng a, 2023 2 1.18[1.11; 1.25]277,46614,13958%ROB confusion: lowROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 83% 2.05[0.57; 7.42]277,48314,1870.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.05[0.57; 7.42]277,48314,18783%NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.05[0.57; 7.42]277,48314,18783%NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 4.46[1.54; 12.95]1748 -NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.18[1.11; 1.25]277,46614,139 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 4.46[1.54; 12.95]1748 -NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1   - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - Yes (with psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.18[1.11; 1.25]277,46614,139 -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 2.05[0.57; 7.42]277,48314,18783%NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15641, 17849

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.27[1.22; 8.79]1948 -NAKelty (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2023 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.05[0.57; 7.42]277,48314,18783%NAKelty (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Meng a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 2 siblingssiblings 1.14[0.99; 1.31]-- -NAMeng a (Controls unexposed, sibling), 2023 10.510.01.0