Flurazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18592
R78992		 Kitchin, 2022 Miscarriage (ICD-9634–639 Pregnancy losses between 4-22 weeks) 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 5.74 [1.05;31.39] 4/6   18,066/72,273 18,070 6
ref
S15418
R63489		 Sheehy, 2019 Spontaneous abortion (6th to 19th completed week of gestation) - ICD-9 diagnosis code 634 or ICD-10 diagnosis code O03 early pregnancy nested case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified Matched 1.13 [0.36;3.60] 5/22   27,144/161,432 27,149 22
ref
Total 2 studies 2.25 [0.47;10.84] 45,219 28
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kitchin, 2022Kitchin, 2022 5.74[1.05; 31.39]18,070642%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Sheehy, 2019Sheehy, 2019 1.13[0.36; 3.60]27,1492258%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: critical Total (2 studies) I2 = 58% 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,219280.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 BZD Coexposure   - Not specified  - Not specified 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 MatchedMatched 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 2 All studiesAll studies 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 20.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.25[0.47; 10.84]45,2192858%NAKitchin, 2022 Sheehy, 2019 20.510.01.0