Temazepam updated on 02-10-2025

Congenital heart defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15331
R63140
Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Heart malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.40 [0.39;5.05]
excluded (control group)
4/379   2,642/351,785 2,646 379
ref
S15329
R63110
Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Heart malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) Indication BZD: Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.31 [0.35;4.92] 4/379   149/19,193 153 379
ref
S15657
R64637
Bonnot, 2003 Cardiovascular malformations 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes BZD Coexposure: Not specified 2.24 [1.05;4.79] 11/-   2,523/- 2,534 -
ref
Total 2 studies 1.96 [1.02;3.79] 2,687 379
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ban (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014Ban, 2014 1 1.31[0.35; 4.92]15337925%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Bonnot, 2003Bonnot, 2003 2.24[1.05; 4.79]2,534-75%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: criticalROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: critical Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.96[1.02; 3.79]2,6873790.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.31[0.35; 4.91]153379 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 case control studiescase control studies 2.24[1.05; 4.78]2,534- -NABonnot, 2003 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.24[1.05; 4.78]2,534- -NABonnot, 2003 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.31[0.35; 4.91]153379 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.96[1.02; 3.79]2,6873790%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Bonnot, 2003 2 BZD Coexposure   - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or p ...  - No (among psychiatric (ATD and/or psychotropics) medications) 1.31[0.35; 4.91]153379 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1   - Not specified  - Not specified 2.24[1.05; 4.78]2,534- -NABonnot, 2003 1 Indication BZD   - Psychiatric diseases (depression, a ...  - Psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, ...) 1.31[0.35; 4.91]153379 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1 All studiesAll studies 1.96[1.02; 3.79]2,6873790%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Bonnot, 2003 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15331

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.98[1.03; 3.81]5,1803810%NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Bonnot, 2003 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.31[0.35; 4.91]153379 -NABan (Other indications) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 10.510.01.0