Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Gestational diabetes

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18782
R79926		 Maya, 2025 Gestational diabetes (defined with oral glucose tolerance test results) 3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester excluded retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified Matched 1.23 [0.95;1.58]
excluded (exposition period) 		83/413   191/1,239 274 413
ref
S18788
R79973		 Pondugula, 2025 Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) early pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Overweight/Obesity 0.58 [0.30;1.14] C 13/90   45/200 58 90
ref
Total 1 studies 0.58 [0.30;1.14] 58 90
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Pondugula, 2025Pondugula, 2025 0.58[0.30; 1.14]58900%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 1 GLP1-RA indication   - Overweight/Obesity  - Overweight/Obesity 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 1 All studiesAll studies 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 10.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.58[0.30; 1.14]5890 -NAPondugula, 2025 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Armstrong (Gestational diabetes)Armstrong (Gestational diabetes) 0.86[0.56; 1.32]18%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Before-Any3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancystudies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 0.58[0.30; 1.14]NaN%90----Pondugula, 2025 10.510.01.0