Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Caesarean

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18829
R80168
Lewin, 2025 Cesarean delivery during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) 1.25 [1.22;1.28] C 18,153/40,929   51,070/131,279 69,223 40,929
ref
S18782
R79925
Maya, 2025 Cesarean delivery 3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester excluded retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified Matched 0.94 [0.85;1.05]
excluded (exposition period)
263/566   790/1,698 1,053 566
ref
Total 1 studies 1.25 [1.22;1.28] 69,223 40,929
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Lewin, 2025Lewin, 2025 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,9290%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 1 GLP1-RA indication   - Type 2 diabetes (T2D)  - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 1 All studiesAll studies 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.25[1.22; 1.28]69,22340,929 -NALewin, 2025 10.510.01.0