Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists - Medication and Pregnancy KB

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis

id	Study	Lib. in paper	Exposition period	Study type All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S18797 R80004	Chou, 2025	Small for gestational age (birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and sex)	1st trimester	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Type 2 diabetes (T2D)	1.28 [0.34;4.86]	3/66 9/253	12	66		ref
S18794 R79985	Kolding - Semaglutide (Controls exposed to insulin), 2025	Small for gestational age (less 15% (10 p) of registered livebirths)	1st trimester	retrospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified	0.40 [0.02;6.80] ^C excluded (control group)	0/29 21/514	21	29		ref
S18796 R79992	Kolding - Semaglutide (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025	Small for gestational age (less 15% (10 p) of registered livebirths)	1st trimester	retrospective cohort	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified	0.17 [0.01;2.74] ^C	0/29 9,447/99,522	9,447	29		ref
S18782 R79923	Maya, 2025	Small for gestational age birth weight (<10th percentile for gestational age and sex)	3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester excluded	retrospective cohort	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified Matched	0.98 [0.66;1.45] excluded (exposition period)	34/442 105/1,326	139	442		ref
S18788 R79971	Pondugula, 2025	Fetal growth restriction (CD-10 codes)	early pregnancy	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Overweight/Obesity	0.67 [0.21;2.11] ^C	4/90 13/200	17	90		ref
S18768 R79862	Dao (Controls exposed to metformin/insulin), 2024	Small for gestational age (birth weight less than the 10th percentile based on WHO infant sex-specific growth charts)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified	0.99 [0.39;2.52] ^C excluded (control group)	9/113 10/124	19	113		ref
S18806 R80018	Dao (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024	Small for gestational age (birth weight less than the 10th percentile based on WHO infant sex-specific growth charts)	1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No GLP1-RA indication: Mixed (Diabetes and/or Overweight) or Unspecified	0.51 [0.22;1.19] ^C	9/113 17/117	26	113		ref
					Total	4 studies	0.63 [0.35;1.14]		9,502	298
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; ^C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

1: Controls unexposed, general pop; 2: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 18768, 18794

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)