Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13907
R54451		 Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.10 [0.60;2.10] 11/151   3,621/54,190 3,632 151
ref
S13415
R51619		 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 Cleft lip with or without cleft palate 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 4.20 [1.80;10.00] 6/47   1,368/39,478 1,374 47
ref
Total 2 studies 2.08 [0.56;7.72] 5,006 198
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 1.10[0.60; 2.10]3,63215152%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 4.20[1.80; 10.00]1,3744748%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 84% 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,0061980.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 2 All studiesAll studies 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.08[0.56; 7.72]5,00619884%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Yakoob (Cleft lip with or without cleft palate)Yakoob (Cleft lip with or without cleft palate) 3.11[1.79; 5.43]0%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT2 metaPregmetaPreg 2.08[0.56; 7.72]84%198----Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Puho - Oxprenolol, 2007 20.510.01.0