Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Ventricular septal defect

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13901
R54394		 Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Ventricular septal defect 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 0.90 [0.60;1.40] 30/2,628   2,751/374,391 2,781 2,628
ref
S13888
R55957		 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 Perimembranous Ventricular septal defect (VSD) early pregnancy case control unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 4.13 [1.82;9.37]
excluded (control group) 		11/-   -/- - -
ref
S14244
R55967		 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 Perimembranous Ventricular septal defect (VSD) early pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 4.13 [1.70;10.02] 11/-   -/- - -
ref
Total 2 studies 1.83 [0.41;8.12] 2,781 2,628
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017Duan - Beta-blockers, 2017 0.90[0.60; 1.40]2,7812,62853%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: NA Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017Fisher - Beta-blockers, 2017 1 4.13[1.70; 10.02]--47%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 89% 1.83[0.41; 8.12]2,7812,6280.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.90[0.59; 1.37]2,7812,628 -NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 1 case control studiescase control studies 4.13[1.70; 10.03]-- -NAFisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.90[0.59; 1.37]2,7812,628 -NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 4.13[1.70; 10.03]-- -NAFisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.83[0.41; 8.12]2,7812,62889%NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.83[0.41; 8.12]2,7812,62889%NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 2 All studiesAll studies 1.83[0.41; 8.12]2,7812,62889%NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 13888

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.85[0.42; 8.21]2,7812,63090%NADuan - Beta-blockers, 2017 Fisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2017 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 4.13[1.70; 10.03]-2 -NAFisher - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2017 10.510.01.0