Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13907
R54455		 Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Hypospadias 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 0.90 [0.60;1.50] 20/-   8,151/- 8,171 -
ref
S13821
R54182		 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 Severe hypospadias (ie, subcoronal or penile, scrotal, or perineal meatal opening) early pregnancy case control unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.02 [1.11;3.69] 24/49   2,107/7,211 2,131 49
ref
Total 2 studies 1.32 [0.60;2.90] 10,302 49
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 0.90[0.60; 1.50]8,171-53%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 2.02[1.11; 3.69]2,1314947%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 77% 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,302490.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3024977%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3024977%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3024977%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3024977%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 2 All studiesAll studies 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3024977%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.32[0.60; 2.90]10,3026077%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Wu (Hypospadias (all studies))Wu (Hypospadias (all studies)) 1.15[0.61; 2.16]69%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Earlyearly pregnancystudies TTT4 Yakoob (Severe hypospadias)Yakoob (Severe hypospadias) 2.27[0.69; 7.46]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT1 metaPregmetaPreg 1.32[0.60; 2.90]77%49----Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Van Zutphen - Beta-blockers, 2014 20.510.01.0