Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Neural Tube Defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13907
R54450		 Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Neural tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 0.70 [0.30;1.80] 6/146   3,888/54,457 3,894 146
ref
S13412
R51615		 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 Neural-tube defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched 5.80 [1.30;26.40] 2/12   1,200/39,341 1,202 12
ref
Total 2 studies 1.84 [0.23;14.52] 5,096 158
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 0.70[0.30; 1.80]3,89414654%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 5.80[1.30; 26.40]1,2021246%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 82% 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,0961580.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 2 MatchedMatched 5.80[1.29; 26.14]1,20212 -NAMedveczky - Pindolol, 2004 1 All studiesAll studies 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 20.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.84[0.23; 14.52]5,09615882%NABergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Yakoob (Neural tube defects)Yakoob (Neural tube defects) 3.56[1.19; 10.67]0%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT2 Wu (Neural tube defects (all studies))Wu (Neural tube defects (all studies)) 1.14[0.67; 1.96]42%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Earlyearly pregnancystudies TTT5 metaPregmetaPreg 1.84[0.23; 14.52]82%158----Bergman - Beta-blockers, 2018 Medveczky - Pindolol, 2004 20.510.01.0