Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Nervous system anomalies

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17127
R71759
Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 Nervous system malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic indication (hypertension or cardiac) 0.88 [0.22;3.53] C 2/974   387/165,775 389 974
ref
S13791
R54091
Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 Central nervous system malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.37 [0.58;3.25] -/1,668   36/13,232 - 1,668
ref
Total 2 studies 1.21 [0.58;2.52] 389 2,642
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 0.88[0.22; 3.53]38997428%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 1.37[0.58; 3.25]-1,66872%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.21[0.58; 2.52]3892,6420.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.21[0.58; 2.52]3892,6420%NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.88[0.22; 3.53]389974 -NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.37[0.58; 3.24]-1,668 -NABateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.88[0.22; 3.53]389974 -NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.37[0.58; 3.24]-1,668 -NABateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.37[0.58; 3.24]-1,668 -NABateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 1   - Only chronic indication (hypertensi ...  - Only chronic indication (hypertension or cardiac) 0.88[0.22; 3.53]389974 -NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.21[0.58; 2.52]3892,6420%NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.88[0.22; 3.53]389974 -NADelteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.37[0.58; 3.24]271,668 -NABateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Wu (Central nervous system (all studies))Wu (Central nervous system (all studies)) 1.51[0.92; 2.45]0%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Earlyearly pregnancystudies TTT4 metaPregmetaPreg 1.21[0.58; 2.52]0%2,642----Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024 Bateman_USMAX - Beta-blockers, 2018 20.510.01.0