Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Early intrauterine death (< 22 weeks)

id	Study   Auto Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024Hoeltzenbein c - Bisoprolol, 2018Ishibashi - Beta-blockers, 2017Fidler - Oxprenolol, 1983	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S17127 R71739	Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024	Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 GW)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified	0.66 [0.51;0.85] C	63/1,813   8,934/172,284	8,997	1,813		ref
S13809 R54306	Hoeltzenbein c - Bisoprolol, 2018	Spontaneous abortions	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified	1.06 [0.66;1.70]	32/339   53/678	85	339		ref
S13891 R54552	Ishibashi - Beta-blockers, 2017	Spontaneous abortion	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...)	1.54 [0.41;5.79] C	4/42   6/94	10	42		ref
S13947 R54583	Fidler - Oxprenolol, 1983	Abortions (NOS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched	5.91 [0.24;147.74] C	1/50   0/96	1	50		ref
					Total	4 studies	0.89 [0.56;1.41]		9,093	2,244
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded