Beta-blockers (All routes except ocular) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks)

id	Study   Auto Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022Kayser - Metoprolol/bisoprolol, 2020Gandjbakhch - Beta-blockers, 2018Lydakis - Atenolol, 1999Fidler - Oxprenolol, 1983Lieberman - Propranolol, 1978	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S17127 R71740	Delteil - Beta-blockers, 2024	Fetal deaths (> 22 GW)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified	2.16 [1.07;4.37] C	8/1,813   352/172,284	360	1,813		ref
S17151 R71926	Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2022	Stillbirth	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, disease free excluded	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication	1.52 [0.88;2.63] C excluded (control group)	13/1,952   7,631/1,739,944	7,644	1,952		ref
S17148 R71903	Al Khalaf - Beta-blockers (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022	Stillbirth	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication	0.77 [0.43;1.41] C	13/1,952   67/7,809	80	1,952		ref
S13853 R54276	Kayser - Metoprolol/bisoprolol, 2020	Stillbirth	2nd and/or 3rd trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified	3.01 [0.50;18.12] C	3/291   2/580	5	291		ref
S14079 R55423	Gandjbakhch - Beta-blockers, 2018	In-utero death	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...)	2.92 [0.05;155.07] C	0/13   0/37	0	13		ref
S13587 R52687	Lydakis - Atenolol, 1999	Stillbirth	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication	1.17 [0.23;5.99] C	3/78   3/91	6	78		ref
S13947 R54582	Fidler - Oxprenolol, 1983	Stillbirths (NOS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified Matched	0.38 [0.02;8.02] C	0/50   2/96	2	50		ref
S14041 R55417	Lieberman - Propranolol, 1978	Stillbirth	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified	14.00 [1.86;105.27] C	7/9   3/15	10	9		ref
					Total	7 studies	1.70 [0.81;3.57]		463	4,206
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17151

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)