Paroxetine updated on 07-01-2025

Atrial septal defect

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7470
R22256		 Anderson, 2020 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – secundum type 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.57 [0.85;2.89] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7350
R21490		 Wemakor, 2015 Atrial septal defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.38 [0.52;3.69] 5/32   2,686/19,742 2,691 32
ref
S6017
R15553		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 3.51 [1.57;7.87]
excluded (control group) 		6/568   2,490/843,797 2,496 568
ref
S6022
R15621		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.42 [0.46;4.44] C 6/568   6/806 12 568
ref
S6243
R16503		 Malm, 2011 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.28 [0.41;4.00] 3/968   1,279/628,607 1,282 968
ref
Total 4 studies 1.46 [0.95;2.26] 3,985 1,568
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 1.57[0.85; 2.89]--51%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 1.38[0.52; 3.69]2,6913220%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Jimenez-Solem, 2012 1 1.42[0.46; 4.44]1256815%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Malm, 2011Malm, 2011 1.28[0.41; 4.00]1,28296815%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 1.46[0.95; 2.26]3,9851,5680.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.35[0.60; 3.02]1,2941,5360%NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 2 case control studiescase control studies 1.51[0.90; 2.54]2,691320%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.47[0.92; 2.36]3,9731,0000%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.42[0.46; 4.44]12568 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.42[0.46; 4.44]12568 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.47[0.92; 2.36]3,9731,0000%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.28[0.41; 4.00]1,282968 -NAMalm, 2011 1   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.51[0.90; 2.54]2,691320%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.42[0.46; 4.44]12568 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.42[0.46; 4.44]12568 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 All studiesAll studies 1.46[0.95; 2.26]3,9851,5680%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 40.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.41.70.6970.000Anderson, 2020Wemakor, 2015Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Malm, 2011

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6017

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.84[1.18; 2.87]6,4691,56813%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Malm, 2011 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.42[0.46; 4.44]12568 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Bérard (Atrial septal defects)Bérard (Atrial septal defects) 2.38[1.14; 4.97]65.8%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)T11st trimesterstudies TTT4 Reefhuis (Atrial septal defects)Reefhuis (Atrial septal defects) 1.80[1.10; 3.00]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT3 metaPregmetaPreg 1.46[0.95; 2.26]0%1,568----Anderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 40.510.01.0