Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) updated on 09-20-2024

Cryptorchidism / Undescended testicle (minor malformation)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18513
R78663		 Zafeiri, 2022 Cryptorchidism (only males included) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Paracetamol use: maternal ITW/questionnaires during pregnancy 0.87 [0.69;1.09] 107/12,354   357/54,866 464 12,354
ref
S18582
R78972		 Fisher, 2016 Cryptorchidism (one or more testes not present in the inferior half of the scrotum for at least a few moments after manipulation) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Paracetamol use: maternal ITW/questionnaires after pregnancy 0.97 [0.46;2.04] C 11/221   22/429 33 221
ref
S18585
R78979		 Snijder, 2012 Cryptorchidism (one or both testes were non-palpable, or when they could not be manipulated to a stable position in the scrotum) - Cumulative prevalence over 30 months follow up 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Paracetamol use: maternal ITW/questionnaires during pregnancy 1.38 [0.52;3.64] 5/-   -/- - -
ref
S18564
R78908		 Kristensen, 2011 Congenital cryptorchidism during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Paracetamol use: maternal ITW/questionnaires during pregnancy 1.34 [0.70;2.55] 23/233   19/257 42 233
ref
S18596
R79010		 Jensen, 2010 Diagnosis of cryptorchidism coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD10 codes: Q53, Q531, Q531A, Q532, Q532A, and Q539) - Follow up between 6 and 13 years old throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Paracetamol use: maternal ITW/questionnaires during pregnancy 1.17 [0.94;1.46] 95/-   480/21,504 575 -
ref
Total 5 studies 1.04 [0.88;1.23] 1,114 12,808
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Zafeiri, 2022Zafeiri, 2022 0.87[0.69; 1.09]46412,35442%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Fisher, 2016Fisher, 2016 0.97[0.46; 2.04]332215%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Snijder, 2012Snijder, 2012 1.38[0.52; 3.64]--3%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kristensen, 2011Kristensen, 2011 1.34[0.70; 2.55]422336%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Jensen, 2010Jensen, 2010 1.17[0.94; 1.46]575-44%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 9% 1.04[0.88; 1.23]1,11412,8080.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.04[0.88; 1.23]1,11412,8089%NAZafeiri, 2022 Fisher, 2016 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 5 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.88; 1.23]1,11412,8089%NAZafeiri, 2022 Fisher, 2016 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 5 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.97[0.46; 2.04]33221 -NAFisher, 2016 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.05[0.85; 1.30]1,08112,58731%NAZafeiri, 2022 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 4 Paracetamol use   - maternal ITW/questionnaires after p ...  - maternal ITW/questionnaires after pregnancy 0.97[0.46; 2.04]33221 -NAFisher, 2016 1   - maternal ITW/questionnaires during ...  - maternal ITW/questionnaires during pregnancy 1.05[0.85; 1.30]1,08112,58731%NAZafeiri, 2022 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 4 All studiesAll studies 1.04[0.88; 1.23]1,11412,8089%NAZafeiri, 2022 Fisher, 2016 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 50.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.21.20.5960.000Zafeiri, 2022Fisher, 2016Snijder, 2012Kristensen, 2011Jensen, 2010

Asymetry test p-value = 0.5959 (by Egger's regression)

slope=-0.0504 (0.1679); intercept=0.5839 (0.9875); t=0.5913; p=0.5959

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.88; 1.23]1,11412,8089%NAZafeiri, 2022 Fisher, 2016 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 50.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Eletri (Cryptorchidism)Eletri (Cryptorchidism) 1.02[0.78; 1.35]32%-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT3 metaPregmetaPreg 1.04[0.88; 1.23]9%12,808----Zafeiri, 2022 Fisher, 2016 Snijder, 2012 Kristensen, 2011 Jensen, 2010 50.510.01.0