Atypical antipsychotics (Second generation) updated on 06-10-2025

Preeclampsia

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S3905
R8274
Schaffer (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2019 Gestational hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: No 1.73 [1.39;2.15] C
excluded (control group)
93/878   8,668/135,252 8,761 878
ref
S3907
R8283
Schaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Gestational hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.65 [1.21;2.24] C 93/878   85/1,266 178 878
ref
S2336
R2739
Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Preeclampsia 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.92 [0.42;2.03] C 12/280   14/302 26 280
ref
S3847
R8170
Petersen (Control exposed to FGA), 2016 Preeclampsia 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 2.30 [0.64;8.27] C
excluded (control group)
12/280   3/157 15 280
ref
S2398
R3007
Petersen (Control unexposed, disease free), 2016 Preeclampsia 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 1.48 [0.83;2.64] C
excluded (control group)
12/280   9,355/318,434 9,367 280
ref
S2329
R2699
Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 Preeclampsia / eclampsia 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.66 [0.07;6.47] 1/86   3/172 4 86
ref
S2294
R3112
Vigod, 2015 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Matched 1.12 [0.70;1.78] 43/923   42/1,021 85 923
ref
S2334
R8124
Hironaka (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 Pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 6.48 [0.29;145.66] C
excluded (control group)
0/9   2/278 2 9
ref
S14447
R57312
Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 Pregnancy induced hypertension during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.29 [0.00;18.96] C 0/9   0/3 0 9
ref
Total 5 studies 1.38 [1.08;1.76] 293 2,176
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Schaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019Schaffer, 2019 1 1.65[1.21; 2.24]17887862%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016Petersen, 2016 2 0.92[0.42; 2.03]262809%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 0.66[0.07; 6.47]4861%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Vigod, 2015Vigod, 2015 1.12[0.70; 1.78]8592327%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011Hironaka, 2011 3 0.29[0.00; 18.96]090%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 0% 1.38[1.08; 1.76]2932,1760.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy; 3: Control unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.38[1.08; 1.76]2932,1760%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 Vigod, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 5 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.66[0.07; 6.35]486 -NABellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.34[1.00; 1.81]2892,09016%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Vigod, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.49[1.12; 1.98]2081,2530%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 4   - Yes  - Yes 1.12[0.70; 1.79]85923 -NAVigod, 2015 1 MatchedMatched 1.12[0.70; 1.79]85923 -NAVigod, 2015 1 All studiesAll studies 1.38[1.08; 1.76]2932,1760%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 Vigod, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 50.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-5.05.32.5510.000Schaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015Vigod, 2015Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011

Asymetry test p-value = 0.1089 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.5808 (0.1431); intercept=-1.1696 (0.5174); t=2.2606; p=0.1089

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 2334, 3847, 2398, 3905

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.69[1.39; 2.07]18,1341,2530%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2019 Petersen (Control unexposed, disease free), 2016 Bellet - Aripiprazole, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, disease free), 2011 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.34[1.00; 1.81]2892,09016%NASchaffer (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Petersen (Control discontinued treatment before pregnancy), 2016 Vigod, 2015 Hironaka (Control unexposed, sick), 2011 4 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.30[0.64; 8.27]15280 -NAPetersen (Control exposed to FGA), 2016 10.510.01.0