Metoclopramide

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S3472
R13239		 Bérard, 2019 Major malformations 1st trimester population based cohort propective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.27 [1.03;1.57] 105/958   14,402/179,106 14,507 958
ref
S3267
R13242		 Huybrechts, 2018 Any congenital malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.01 [0.95;1.06] 1,732/52,809   2,891/77,165 4,623 52,809
ref
S2404
R13238		 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Congenital malformations (NOS) at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 3.00 [0.12;77.03] C 1/28   0/27 1 28
ref
S2397
R13245		 Pasternak, 2013 Major malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.93 [0.86;1.02] 721/28,486   3,024/113,968 3,745 28,486
ref
S2395
R13243		 Matok, 2009 Major malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.04 [0.89;1.21] 182/3,458   3,834/78,245 4,016 3,458
ref
S2751
R14423		 Asker, 2005 Congenital malformations during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.81 [0.58;1.13]
excluded (exposition period) 		36/1,166   23,745/676,198 23,781 1,166
ref
S2726
R3600		 Bsat, 2003 Anomalies (NOS) 1st trimester randomized controlled trial exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Randomisation Co-administration 0.96 [0.02;49.43] C 0/54   0/52 0 54
ref
S2393
R13241		 Berkovitch, 2002 Major malformations 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No Matched 0.91 [0.34;2.45] 7/158   8/164 15 158
ref
S2407
R3063		 Sorensen, 2000 Malformations (740.00-759.99 (ICD 8) and Q0.0-Q99.9 (ICD 10)). 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.11 [0.60;2.06] 11/190   697/13,327 708 190
ref
Total 8 studies 1.01 [0.95;1.07] 27,615 86,141
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bérard, 2019Bérard, 2019 1.27[1.03; 1.57]14,5079588%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Huybrechts, 2018Huybrechts, 2018 1.01[0.95; 1.06]4,62352,80946%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 3.00[0.12; 77.03]1280%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Pasternak, 2013Pasternak, 2013 0.93[0.86; 1.02]3,74528,48631%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Matok, 2009Matok, 2009 1.04[0.89; 1.21]4,0163,45814%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Bsat, 2003Bsat, 2003 0.96[0.02; 49.43]0540%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Berkovitch, 2002Berkovitch, 2002 0.91[0.34; 2.45]151580%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Sorensen, 2000Sorensen, 2000 1.11[0.60; 2.06]7081901%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (8 studies) I2 = 19% 1.01[0.95; 1.07]27,61586,1410.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.01[0.94; 1.09]27,61586,08731%NABérard, 2019 Huybrechts, 2018 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 Matok, 2009 Berkovitch, 2002 Sorensen, 2000 7 case control studiescase control studies 0 RCTRCT 0.96[0.02; 49.43]-54 -NABsat, 2003 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.91; 1.19]22,99133,25050%NABérard, 2019 Pasternak, 2013 Matok, 2009 Berkovitch, 2002 Sorensen, 2000 5 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.01[0.96; 1.07]4,62452,8910%NAHuybrechts, 2018 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Bsat, 2003 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.01[0.39; 2.59]161860%NAAshkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Berkovitch, 2002 2   - Randomisation  - Randomisation 0.96[0.02; 49.43]-54 -NABsat, 2003 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.02[0.94; 1.10]27,59985,90151%NABérard, 2019 Huybrechts, 2018 Pasternak, 2013 Matok, 2009 Sorensen, 2000 5 Co-administrationCo-administration 0.96[0.02; 49.43]-54 -NABsat, 2003 1 MatchedMatched 0.91[0.34; 2.44]15158 -NABerkovitch, 2002 1 All studiesAll studies 1.01[0.95; 1.07]27,61586,14119%NABérard, 2019 Huybrechts, 2018 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Pasternak, 2013 Matok, 2009 Bsat, 2003 Berkovitch, 2002 Sorensen, 2000 80.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-4.74.72.4110.000Bérard, 2019Huybrechts, 2018Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013Pasternak, 2013Matok, 2009Bsat, 2003Berkovitch, 2002Sorensen, 2000

Asymetry test p-value = 0.4084 (by Egger's regression)

slope=-0.0190 (0.0337); intercept=0.4823 (0.5427); t=0.8886; p=0.4084

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.91; 1.19]22,99133,25050%NABérard, 2019 Pasternak, 2013 Matok, 2009 Berkovitch, 2002 Sorensen, 2000 5 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.01[0.96; 1.07]4,62452,8910%NAHuybrechts, 2018 Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, 2013 Bsat, 2003 30.510.01.0