Proton Pump Inhibitors updated on 08-09-2023

Club foot / Talipes equinovarus

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S4486
R10761		 Werler, 2014 Isolated Clubfoot without first-degree history early pregnancy case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.05 [0.40;2.72] 6/26   564/2,566 570 26
ref
S4275
R10704		 Pasternak, 2010 Club foot 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.43 [0.72;2.85] 9/3,651   -/- - 3,651
ref
S4861
R12562		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 Talipes varus 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 4.09 [0.08;207.06] C
excluded (control group) 		0/139   0/567 0 139
ref
S4276
R9977		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 Talipes varus 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 1.62 [0.08;31.54] C 0/139   3/1,575 3 139
ref
Total 3 studies 1.30 [0.75;2.25] 573 3,816
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Werler, 2014Werler, 2014 1.05[0.40; 2.72]5702633%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Pasternak, 2010Pasternak, 2010 1.43[0.72; 2.85]-3,65164%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999Ruigomez - Omeprazole, 1999 1 1.62[0.08; 31.54]31393%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.30[0.75; 2.25]5733,8160.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.44[0.74; 2.81]33,7900%NAPasternak, 2010 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 2 case control studiescase control studies 1.05[0.40; 2.74]57026 -NAWerler, 2014 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.30[0.75; 2.25]5733,8160%NAWerler, 2014 Pasternak, 2010 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.62[0.08; 31.54]3139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.29[0.74; 2.25]5703,6770%NAWerler, 2014 Pasternak, 2010 2 All studiesAll studies 1.30[0.75; 2.25]5733,8160%NAWerler, 2014 Pasternak, 2010 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 30.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 4861

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.30[0.75; 2.25]5733,8160%NAWerler, 2014 Pasternak, 2010 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 3 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 4.09[0.08; 207.06]-139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 10.510.01.0