Proton Pump Inhibitors updated on 10-13-2025

Limb reduction defects (LRD)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S4275
R10707		 Pasternak, 2010 Limb reduction 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.40 [0.05;3.02] 1/3,651   -/- - 3,651
ref
Total 1 studies 0.40 [0.05;3.11] 0 3,651
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Pasternak, 2010Pasternak, 2010 0.40[0.05; 3.02]-3,6510%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.40[0.05; 3.11]-3,651 -NAPasternak, 2010 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.40[0.05; 3.11]-3,651 -NAPasternak, 2010 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 0.40[0.05; 3.11]-3,651 -NAPasternak, 2010 1 All studiesAll studies 0.40[0.05; 3.11]-3,651 -NAPasternak, 2010 10.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale0.40[0.05; 3.11]-3,651 -NAPasternak, 2010 10.510.01.0