Proton Pump Inhibitors updated on 08-09-2023

Cardiac septal defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S14453
R57369		 Choi a, 2023 Septal defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.09 [1.01;1.19] 679/40,540   33,227/2,655,676 33,906 40,540
ref
S4861
R12557		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 Cardiac septal defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 8.26 [0.74;91.79] C
excluded (control group) 		2/139   1/567 3 139
ref
S4276
R9972		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 Cardiac septal defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 7.65 [1.27;46.17] C 2/139   3/1,575 5 139
ref
Total 2 studies 2.33 [0.36;14.99] 33,911 40,679
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Choi a, 2023Choi a, 2023 1.09[1.01; 1.19]33,90640,54061%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999Ruigomez - Omeprazole, 1999 1 7.65[1.27; 46.17]513939%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 78% 2.33[0.36; 14.99]33,91140,6790.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.33[0.36; 14.99]33,91140,67978%NAChoi a, 2023 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 7.65[1.27; 46.17]5139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.09[1.00; 1.18]33,90640,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 7.65[1.27; 46.17]5139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.09[1.00; 1.18]33,90640,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 2.33[0.36; 14.99]33,91140,67978%NAChoi a, 2023 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 20.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 4861

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 7.65[1.27; 46.17]5139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.09[1.00; 1.18]33,90640,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 8.26[0.74; 91.79]3139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 10.510.01.0