Proton Pump Inhibitors updated on 08-09-2023

Eye defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S14453
R57357		 Choi a, 2023 Eye malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.96 [0.66;1.38] 34/40,540   2,058/2,655,676 2,092 40,540
ref
S4861
R12578		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 Eye malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.36 [0.06;33.59] C
excluded (control group) 		0/139   1/567 1 139
ref
S4276
R9993		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 Eye malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.27 [0.11;47.54] C 0/139   2/1,575 2 139
ref
Total 2 studies 0.97 [0.67;1.40] 2,094 40,679
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Choi a, 2023Choi a, 2023 0.96[0.66; 1.38]2,09240,54099%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999Ruigomez - Omeprazole, 1999 1 2.27[0.11; 47.54]21391%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.97[0.67; 1.40]2,09440,6790.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.97[0.67; 1.40]2,09440,6790%NAChoi a, 2023 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.27[0.11; 47.54]2139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.96[0.66; 1.39]2,09240,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.27[0.11; 47.54]2139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.96[0.66; 1.39]2,09240,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 0.97[0.67; 1.40]2,09440,6790%NAChoi a, 2023 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 4861

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.27[0.11; 47.54]2139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.96[0.66; 1.39]2,09240,540 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.36[0.06; 33.59]1139 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 10.510.01.0