Proton Pump Inhibitors updated on 08-08-2023

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18824
R80111		 Van Gelder, 2023 Small for gestational age 3rd trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Matched 1.50 [1.00;2.30] -/-   -/- - -
ref
S14451
R57339		 Breddels, 2022 Small for gestational age (SGA) (birth weight below the 10th population percentile) 2nd trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.06 [0.84;1.33] -/-   -/- - -
ref
S4861
R12592		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 Small for gestational age (birth weight < third percentile) 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.56 [0.03;12.00] C
excluded (control group) 		0/39   2/111 2 39
ref
S4276
R12494		 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 Small for gestational age (birth weight < third percentile) 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.55 [0.03;9.17] C 0/39   21/924 21 39
ref
Total 3 studies 1.17 [0.91;1.50] 21 39
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Van Gelder, 2023Van Gelder, 2023 1.50[1.00; 2.30]--29%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: unclearROB classification: unclearROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: critical Breddels, 2022Breddels, 2022 1.06[0.84; 1.33]--70%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999Ruigomez - Omeprazole, 1999 1 0.55[0.03; 9.17]21391%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 14% 1.17[0.91; 1.50]21390.25.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.17[0.91; 1.50]213914%NAVan Gelder, 2023 Breddels, 2022 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.91; 1.50]213914%NAVan Gelder, 2023 Breddels, 2022 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.47[0.97; 2.22]21390%NAVan Gelder, 2023 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.06[0.84; 1.33]-- -NABreddels, 2022 1 MatchedMatched 1.50[0.99; 2.27]-- -NAVan Gelder, 2023 1 All studiesAll studies 1.17[0.91; 1.50]213914%NAVan Gelder, 2023 Breddels, 2022 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 4861

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.91; 1.50]213914%NAVan Gelder, 2023 Breddels, 2022 Ruigomez - Omeprazole (Controls unexposed NOS), 1999 3 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.56[0.03; 12.00]239 -NARuigomez - Omeprazole (Controls exposed to other treatment, sick), 1999 10.510.01.0