Esomeprazole

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S14455
R57401		 Choi a, 2023 Major congenital malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.10 [1.02;1.20] 542/12,516   85,900/2,655,676 86,442 12,516
ref
S4412
R28450		 Pasternak, 2010 Major birth defects (Exposure during First Trimester) 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.19 [0.77;1.84] 23/668   21,867/837,317 21,890 668
ref
Total 2 studies 1.10 [1.02;1.19] 108,332 13,184
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Choi a, 2023Choi a, 2023 1.10[1.02; 1.20]86,44212,51697%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Pasternak, 2010Pasternak, 2010 1.19[0.77; 1.84]21,8906683%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.10[1.02; 1.19]108,33213,1840.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.10[1.02; 1.19]108,33213,1840%NAChoi a, 2023 Pasternak, 2010 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.19[0.77; 1.84]21,890668 -NAPasternak, 2010 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.10[1.01; 1.19]86,44212,516 -NAChoi a, 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.10[1.02; 1.19]108,33213,1840%NAChoi a, 2023 Pasternak, 2010 2 All studiesAll studies 1.10[1.02; 1.19]108,33213,1840%NAChoi a, 2023 Pasternak, 2010 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.19[0.77; 1.84]21,890668 -NAPasternak, 2010 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.10[1.01; 1.19]86,44212,516 -NAChoi a, 2023 10.510.01.0