Tramadol (versus unexposed) updated on 07-09-2025

Cardiac septal defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13036
R49441		 Källén, 2015 Isolated cardiac septum defect early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.78 [1.02;2.90] 16/1,776   8,891/1,797,678 8,907 1,776
ref
Total 1 studies 1.78 [1.06;3.00] 8,907 1,776
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Källén, 2015Källén, 2015 1.78[1.02; 2.90]8,9071,7760%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.78[1.06; 3.00]8,9071,776 -NAKällén, 2015 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.78[1.06; 3.00]8,9071,776 -NAKällén, 2015 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.78[1.06; 3.00]8,9071,776 -NAKällén, 2015 1 All studiesAll studies 1.78[1.06; 3.00]8,9071,776 -NAKällén, 2015 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.78[1.06; 3.00]8,9071,776 -NAKällén, 2015 10.510.01.0