Tramadol (versus unexposed) updated on 07-09-2025

Intrauterine deaths (as a whole or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18427
R78356		 Ferrer, 2025 Nonlive birth (miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy, medical termination or elective termination) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.02 [1.73;2.37] C 177/1,602   9,162/158,426 9,339 1,602
ref
Total 1 studies 2.02 [1.73;2.37] 9,339 1,602
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ferrer, 2025Ferrer, 2025 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,6020%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.95.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,602 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,602 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,602 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 All studiesAll studies 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,602 -NAFerrer, 2025 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.02[1.73; 2.37]9,3391,602 -NAFerrer, 2025 10.510.01.0