Tramadol (versus unexposed) updated on 07-09-2025

Late intrauterine deaths (> 22 weeks) / Stillbirths

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18427
R78012		 Ferrer, 2025 Fetal deaths (> 22 weeks of amenorrhea) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.16 [1.02;4.58] C 7/1,602   321/158,426 328 1,602
ref
S13270
R51360		 Gouraud, 2010 Stillbirth 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 19.80 [0.80;488.22] C 1/151   0/987 1 151
ref
Total 2 studies 3.70 [0.58;23.74] 329 1,753
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ferrer, 2025Ferrer, 2025 2.16[1.02; 4.58]3281,60276%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Gouraud, 2010Gouraud, 2010 19.80[0.80; 488.22]115124%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 42% 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,7530.950.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,75342%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,75342%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,75342%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 All studiesAll studies 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,75342%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 20.550.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.70[0.58; 23.74]3291,75342%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 20.510.01.0