Tramadol (versus unexposed) updated on 07-09-2025

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18427
R78358		 Ferrer, 2025 Preterm birth during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 1.40 [1.16;1.69] C 122/1,446   9,334/151,347 9,456 1,446
ref
S13270
R51361		 Gouraud, 2010 Preterm delivery (<37.0 wk) 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 1.33 [0.55;3.21] C 6/99   40/863 46 99
ref
Total 2 studies 1.40 [1.17;1.68] 9,502 1,545
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ferrer, 2025Ferrer, 2025 1.40[1.16; 1.69]9,4561,44696%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Gouraud, 2010Gouraud, 2010 1.33[0.55; 3.21]46994%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 2 All studiesAll studies 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.40[1.17; 1.68]9,5021,5450%NAFerrer, 2025 Gouraud, 2010 20.510.01.0