Tramadol (versus unexposed) updated on 07-09-2025

Extremely preterm (< 28 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18427
R78014		 Ferrer, 2025 Extremely preterm (<28 weeks of amenorrhea) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.39 [0.06;2.81] C 1/1,446   265/151,347 266 1,446
ref
Total 1 studies 0.39 [0.06;2.81] 266 1,446
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Ferrer, 2025Ferrer, 2025 0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,4460%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,446 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,446 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,446 -NAFerrer, 2025 1 All studiesAll studies 0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,446 -NAFerrer, 2025 10.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale0.39[0.06; 2.81]2661,446 -NAFerrer, 2025 10.510.01.0