Thiopurines (Azathioprine, Mercaptopurin) updated on 07-28-2025

Hypospadias

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17723
R78432		 Meyer, 2025 Hypospadias 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications: Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 1.49 [0.85;2.63] 16/5,223   61/28,827 77 5,223
ref
S6258
R18171		 Cleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 Hypospadias early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications: Any or not specified 1.56 [0.18;5.47] 2/481   3,363/1,181,450 3,365 481
ref
Total 2 studies 1.50 [0.88;2.56] 3,442 5,704
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Meyer, 2025Meyer, 2025 1.49[0.85; 2.63]775,22390%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Cleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009Cleary, 2009 1 1.56[0.18; 5.47]3,36548110%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.50[0.88; 2.56]3,4425,7040.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.50[0.88; 2.56]3,4425,7040%NAMeyer, 2025 Cleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.56[0.28; 8.60]3,365481 -NACleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.49[0.85; 2.62]775,223 -NAMeyer, 2025 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.50[0.88; 2.56]3,4425,7040%NAMeyer, 2025 Cleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 2 Indications   - Any or not specified  - Any or not specified 1.56[0.28; 8.60]3,365481 -NACleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 1   - Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD)  - Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 1.49[0.85; 2.62]775,223 -NAMeyer, 2025 1 All studiesAll studies 1.50[0.88; 2.56]3,4425,7040%NAMeyer, 2025 Cleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.56[0.28; 8.60]3,365481 -NACleary (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2009 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.49[0.85; 2.62]775,223 -NAMeyer, 2025 10.510.01.0