Thiopurines (Azathioprine, Mercaptopurin) updated on 07-28-2025

Language disorders/delay

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12240
R46243		 Lazzaroni, 2020 Communication disorders - Certified by a child neurologist or psychiatrist - At at least 6 years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Matched 1.21 [0.11;13.95] C 1/27   2/65 3 27
ref
S7056
R44739		 Marder, 2013 Speech therapy - At age ≥ 2 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 7.20 [1.72;30.13] C 6/13   5/47 11 13
ref
Total 2 studies 3.93 [0.75;20.56] 14 40
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Lazzaroni, 2020Lazzaroni, 2020 1.21[0.11; 13.95]32734%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Marder, 2013Marder, 2013 7.20[1.72; 30.13]111366%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 34% 3.93[0.75; 20.56]14400.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 2 Indications   - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 2 MatchedMatched 1.21[0.11; 13.95]327 -NALazzaroni, 2020 1 All studiesAll studies 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 20.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.93[0.75; 20.56]144034%NALazzaroni, 2020 Marder, 2013 20.510.01.0