Thiopurines (Azathioprine, Mercaptopurin) updated on 07-28-2025

Genital anomalies

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17723
R74781		 Meyer, 2025 Genital malformations 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications: Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 1.47 [0.83;2.59] 16/5,223   62/28,827 78 5,223
ref
S13582
R52653		 Ban (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 Genital anomalies 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Indications: Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 3.38 [0.84;13.66] C
excluded (control group) 		2/149   1,542/384,811 1,544 149
ref
S11392
R44251		 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Genital anomalies 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications: Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 3.37 [0.64;17.73] 2/149   6/1,554 8 149
ref
Total 2 studies 1.60 [0.94;2.75] 86 5,372
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Meyer, 2025Meyer, 2025 1.47[0.83; 2.59]785,22389%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014Ban, 2014 1 3.37[0.64; 17.73]814911%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 Indications   - Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD)  - Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 All studiesAll studies 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 13582

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.38[0.84; 13.66]1,544149 -NABan (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2014 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.60[0.94; 2.75]865,3720%NAMeyer, 2025 Ban (Controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.510.01.0