Carbamazepine (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16697
R70260		 Alsaadi (Controls exposed to LTG), 2020 Miscarriage 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 3.13 [0.34;29.09] C
excluded (control group) 		6/29   1/13 7 29
ref
S16698
R70264		 Alsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miscarriage 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 4.70 [0.87;25.29] C 6/29   2/38 8 29
ref
S7415
R21827		 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Spontaneous abortion during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 2.06 [0.30;13.97] C
excluded (control group) 		2/13   3/37 5 13
ref
S7043
R19885		 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Spontaneous abortion during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 60.71 [2.73;1349.00] C
excluded (control group) 		2/13   0/128 2 13
ref
S7409
R21799		 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Spontaneous abortion during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.67 [0.06;43.79] C 2/13   0/4 2 13
ref
S6253
R16656		 Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Spontaneous miscarriages during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.69 [0.06;8.25] C 1/17   2/24 3 17
ref
S333
R16613		 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Spontaneous abortions at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 1.01 [0.79;1.29] C 130/1,713   144/1,910 274 1,713
ref
S6290
R16967		 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 Spontaneous abortions 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.71 [0.49;1.03] C 45/1,718   80/2,198 125 1,718
ref
S5578
R14506		 Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 Miscarriages at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Matched 0.80 [0.34;1.90] C 8/108   19/210 27 108
ref
Total 6 studies 0.91 [0.69;1.21] 439 3,598
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Alsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020Alsaadi, 2020 1 4.70[0.87; 25.29]8293%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016Miškov, 2016 2 1.67[0.06; 43.79]2131%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015Arkilo, 2015 3 0.69[0.06; 8.25]3171%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015Tomson, 2015 4 1.01[0.79; 1.29]2741,71351%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014Campbell, 2014 5 0.71[0.49; 1.03]1251,71834%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001Diav-Citrin, 2001 6 0.80[0.34; 1.90]2710810%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (6 studies) I2 = 20% 0.91[0.69; 1.21]4393,5980.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed sick; 2: Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 3: Carbamazepine; 4: Carbamazepine; 5: Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick; 6: Carbamazepine;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.91[0.69; 1.21]4393,59820%NAAlsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 6 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.80[0.34; 1.90]27108 -NADiav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.78[0.85; 16.88]10420%NAAlsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 0.89[0.69; 1.14]4023,44816%NAArkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.91[0.69; 1.21]4393,59820%NAAlsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 6 MatchedMatched 0.80[0.34; 1.90]27108 -NADiav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 1 All studiesAll studies 0.91[0.69; 1.21]4393,59820%NAAlsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 60.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.93.82.0010.000Alsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001

Asymetry test p-value = 0.6188 (by Egger's regression)

slope=-0.1548 (0.1811); intercept=0.3954 (0.7342); t=0.5386; p=0.6188

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 7415, 7043, 16697

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 5.35[0.08; 358.57]2912186%NAMiškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Diav-Citrin (Carbamazepine), 2001 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.78[0.85; 16.88]10420%NAAlsaadi (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.92[0.73; 1.15]4143,4906%NAAlsaadi (Controls exposed to LTG), 2020 Miškov (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Arkilo (Carbamazepine), 2015 Tomson (Carbamazepine), 2015 Campbell (Carbamazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2014 50.510.01.0